BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene)

P2, N=169, Completed, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Active, not recruiting --> Completed | Trial completion date: Jan 2026 --> Jan 2025

P1/2, N=18, Completed, Shanghai Juncell Therapeutics | Recruiting --> Completed | Trial completion date: Jul 2025 --> Nov 2025

Despite poor overall outcomes, incremental progress across targeted, immune, and delivery-based approaches supports a patient centered strategy emphasizing clinical-trial enrollment, molecular profiling and symptom focused care.

This is the first study to identify RET fusion positivity as an independent OLNM risk factor in cN0 PTC. The developed RF model demonstrates moderate predictive performance for OLNM risk and provides a framework for integrating clinical, sonographic, and molecular data, and is deployed as a web calculator (https://predictingoccultlymphnodemetastasis.shinyapps.io/web3/).

This exploratory analysis suggests pERK expression and mutation of KRAS/BRAF/NRAS are candidate biomarkers of improved PFS and response to trametinib, respectively.

EGFR and ALK alterations confer favorable outcomes, while certain alterations such as ROS1 and ERBB2 associate with poorer survival. These findings support the routine integration of biomarker testing into NSCLC management and highlight the need for biomarker-specific therapeutic approaches.

The cooperative GOG 281/LOGS trial showed that trametinib, an MEK inhibitor (MEKi), was significantly more effective than standard-of-care options (including chemotherapy or hormonal therapy) in increasing progression-free survival (median PFS 13.0 months vs. 7.2 months; hazard ratio 0.48, p < 0.001)...Genomic and multi-omic profiling have revealed actionable vulnerabilities and precision oncology approaches. The advent of biomarker-directed trials, molecular subtyping incorporation, and innovative computational strategies is likely to gradually ameliorate therapy selection and, thereby, finally improve long-term outcomes for patients with this complex disease.

Despite early-stage detection, high rates of positive margins and limited molecular testing reveal care gaps. This first national registry highlights the need to improve surgical management and expand access to precision oncology in the region.

NLR and PLR could serve as reliable and clinician-friendly prognosticators of clinical outcomes in patients with LC. Further validation cohorts are sorely needed to prove this notion.

MEK inhibition with trametinib resulted in similar, yet more pronounced effects. Thus, our findings provide novel insights into NRAS-mediated signaling through nanoscale clusters and underscore their potential as therapeutic targets.

Among emerging therapies, the novel anti-angiogenic agent fruquintinib has recently demonstrated clinical efficacy in the treatment of mCRC. Based on the data discussed in the present narrative review, the therapeutic landscape of mCRC appears poised for significant evolution in the near future. While numerous challenges and unanswered questions remain, the emergence of innovative therapeutic combinations and agents provides a promising opportunity for improving patient outcomes in mCRC.

The study provides a TT-focused prospective analysis still rare in pediatric oncology. The outcomes indicate satisfactory tolerance and promising efficacy of TT, prompting an update of current treatment standards for several pediatric cancers.