Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

In COAD, a subset of patients in stage II/III with CD3+RUNX3+high/CD8 + high may be spared adjuvant treatment due to excellent prognosis. However, further studies are needed to confirm and elucidate the protective role of CD3+RUNX3+ cells in COAD and LUAD.

She started combination therapy with ipilimumab and nivolumab, achieving complete metabolic and imaging response as confirmed by PET-CT at 12 months...She started treatment with pembrolizumab, achieving a sustained complete response at 12 months...Both cases illustrate the remarkable clinical benefit of immunotherapy in patients with early peritoneal recurrence of MSI-H/dMMR colon cancer, which is usually associated with poor prognosis. These cases highlight the need to consider the molecular profile in therapeutic planning and reinforce the emerging value of immunotherapy as a cornerstone in the management of these cases.

Ectopic expressions of DNMT1 impose an epigenetic checkpoint at those target loci by methylation of promoter DNA of the respective genes. We conclude that, gene specific hypomethylation of some genes, including COL1A1, COL1A2, COL4A1, SPP1, SPARC, and THBS2 drives COAD and would serve as potential markers for COAD screening.

Eighty-three percent of CR-NEC received first-line platinum-etoposide, while 98% of CR-AC patients received first-line fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. Metastatic CR-NEC and CR-AC are clinically distinct, with NEC demonstrating more aggressive features, limited treatment effect, and worse prognosis. Although they share important driver mutations, the underlying reason for their marked clinical differences remains unclear.

The results show that complex 2 combines high anticancer potency with selective action towards colorectal adenocarcinoma cells and is more effective than complex 3 and the anticancer drug cisplatin. These properties make complex 2 an interesting candidate for further investigation of specific anticancer mechanisms.

Among patients undergoing APR managed within an ERAS pathway, the addition of digital CBT and inflammation-guided nutrition was associated with improved multidimensional recovery and favorable survival signals. Given the non-randomized design, these results should be regarded as hypothesis-generating and support further evaluation of ERAS-based integrative strategies in randomized multicenter trials.

CS4 showed the highest immune infiltration, elevated tumor mutational burden, and enhanced sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil and cetuximab. This integrative multi-omics framework refines the molecular taxonomy of COAD, revealing immunologically active and therapeutically distinct subgroups. The classification not only bridges genomic, epigenomic, and transcriptomic regulation but also provides a practical roadmap for precision oncology by linking molecular features to potential treatment strategies.

Comparison to other markers and methods further confirmed the independent predictive value of the AS-PFS risk signature. We propose that this signature could be utilized in clinical settings to enhance patient stratification at diagnosis and further inform personalized treatment strategies.

We report a 36-year-old male with metastatic rectal adenocarcinoma and complete DPD deficiency who received ultra-low-dose capecitabine in combination with oxaliplatin and cetuximab...Pharmacokinetic analyses revealed markedly prolonged 5-fluorouracil exposure with undetectable fluoro-β-alanine (FBAL), consistent with complete DPD deficiency...This case illustrates that carefully individualized ultra-low-dose capecitabine, guided by pharmacokinetics and toxicity monitoring, can provide meaningful clinical benefit in patients with complete DPD deficiency. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of a precision dosing approach in this rare but clinically challenging setting.

This case underscores the broader phenotypic spectrum of LFS. With the growing use of CGP, LFS may be identified more frequently in East Asia, potentially revealing attenuated LFS missed by traditional diagnostic criteria.

Increased metastatic potential was also confirmed in HT-29 cells after ALDH1A1 genetic attenuation. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated editing led to functional, cellular, and molecular changes confirming the role of ALDH1A1 in colorectal cancer carcinogenesis.

RCC showed more aggressive features and worse survival than LCC, suggesting tumor sidedness as an independent prognostic factor.