P3, N=200, Recruiting, Kafrelsheikh University

P=N/A, N=1228, Not yet recruiting, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill | Initiation date: Aug 2025 --> Jan 2026

P1, N=50, Active, not recruiting, Montreal Heart Institute | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | Trial completion date: Jul 2024 --> Dec 2025

Low-dose aspirin and/or phlebotomy (with frequency determined by symptom relief) might be considered on an individualized basis in the presence of hyperviscosity symptoms, cardiovascular comorbidities, and/or a history of thrombosis. Aggressive control of cardiovascular risk factors is recommended in all. A graphic abstract representation is provided in Figure 1.

P=N/A, N=90, Recruiting, Fudan University

P3, N=2570, Not yet recruiting, Montreal Heart Institute

P=N/A, N=130, Completed, Thomas Jefferson University | Active, not recruiting --> Completed

In the xenograft model, the combination treatment suppressed tumor growth by approximately 70%, an effect comparable to paclitaxel (PTX). In contrast to PTX, the combination of rhAPE1/Ref-1 and ASA did not cause hematological toxicity, such as anemia or thrombocytopenia. The combination of rhAPE1/Ref-1 and ASA represents a promising new therapeutic strategy for TNBC by enhancing apoptosis and significantly inhibiting tumor progression in a mouse xenograft model.

P2, N=159, Completed, Stanford University | Active, not recruiting --> Completed

P4, N=18883, Completed, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center | Active, not recruiting --> Completed

P3, N=5676, Not yet recruiting, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India

Co-treatment with indomethacin showed no additive toxicity. These findings support IONPs@HES as a biocompatible nanoplatform suitable for vascular-targeted cancer therapy, meriting further in vivo validation.