The effect of GDF11 on chemotherapy sensitivity was investigated in HL60 cells treated with 10 μM daunorubicin (DNR)...In addition, CTSS activated the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 signaling pathway and inhibited endoplasmic reticulum stress in AML cells. In conclusion, GDF11 inhibited the growth and increased chemosensitivity through inhibiting CTSS expression in AML cells, providing potential therapeutic targets for AML treatment.

We conclude that KIT mutations, especially exon 17, confer a high-risk phenotype in otherwise favorable pediatric AML1::ETO AML. Our exploratory data suggest this may be associated with a chemoresistant profile, potentially driven by SOCS1-associated JAK-STAT dysregulation. These findings highlight the necessity of refined risk stratification based on KIT exon profiling and support targeting the SOCS1/JAK-STAT axis to overcome therapy resistance.

All patients received standard chemotherapy, consisting of daunorubicin...ZEB1-AS1 levels were also higher in patients with COVID-19 positive than in those without, which may indicate a connection between viral infection and the molecular pathways involving this oncogenic lncRNA. These findings highlight the importance of ZEB1-AS1 in the pathogenesis of ALL and suggest their roles in disease characterization and possibly in therapeutic targeting.

P=N/A, N=27, Recruiting, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, China | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

In vivo, lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated echinomycin rapidly suppressed HRE, SRE, and ARE activity, reduced peri-hypoxic induction of FASN and GLUT3, inhibited tumor growth, and eliminated lung metastasis. These findings define a growth factor-responsive, HIF-1α-centered stress-adaptive state and highlight HIF-1α transcriptional activity as a therapeutic target in metastatic CRC.

This scoring system was then applied to the transcriptomic data from a cohort of 838 newly diagnosed patients treated on Alliance/CALGB protocols, who were similarly treated with intensive cytarabine/daunorubicin-based chemotherapy on the CALGB/Alliance for the Clinical Trials in Oncology protocol. We also noted a strong association of FLT3-ITD, RUNX1 and TP53 mutations with high LAM scores. Applying the LAM score to the current European Leukemia Network risk group criteria, independent prognostic implications and a refined prognostic significance of each subgroup were provided, indicating the value of including immune microenvironment data into AML risk stratification.

In cell-line-derived xenografts and humanized mice, triple therapy combining CD40 agonist, daunorubicin and PD-L1 blockade achieved superior leukemia control, prolonged survival and fostered immune memory formation. These findings provide a clinically applicable prognostic tool and pre-clinical rationale for integrating CD40-centered immunotherapy into frontline protocols to overcome chemotherapy resistance in childhood ALL.

All Treg subsets attenuated daunorubicin cytotoxicity, whereas reduced sensitivity to gemcitabine was observed only in iTreg- and Tr1-containing cultures. These findings suggest that Treg cell subsets may directly promote stemness-associated and drug-tolerance-related features in K562 cells in vitro, supporting a tumor-promoting role within the leukemia microenvironment and warranting further validation in primary leukemia samples and in vivo models.

Both reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and caspase activity were consistent with inducible apoptosis, and the scratch assays indicated perturbation of cancer cell motility consistent with the idea of intervention. In summary, we recognize potential as a selective and efficacious nanocarrier for co-delivery and provide improved bioavailability and tumor target relative as compared to free drug treatment, which demonstrates further anticancer effects through enhanced apoptotic and anti-proliferative activity.

P2, N=49, Recruiting, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

The patient received induction chemotherapy with cytarabine and daunorubicin along with localized radiotherapy. This case highlights the importance of considering hematologic malignancies in patients presenting with atypical or treatment-refractory scrotal swellings. Early biopsy and multidisciplinary evaluation are essential for timely diagnosis and appropriate management.