Esophageal Adenocarcinoma

P1, N=260, Not yet recruiting, IDEAYA Biosciences

P=N/A, N=25, Recruiting, Denver Health and Hospital Authority | Trial completion date: Jan 2026 --> Nov 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Nov 2025 --> Nov 2026

In addition to the quality guideline-compliant technical performance of the tests, the biological heterogeneity of many of these biomarkers is also a diagnostic and clinical challenge. The current article provides an overview of current biomarker testing in the context of current treatment options for cancer of the upper gastrointestinal tract.

in order to capture intratumoral heterogeneity and evolving molecular events. Further investigation of FGFR2 fusion biology and combinatorial therapeutic strategies is warranted to address the clinical challenge of biomarker overlap and treatment resistance in GEA.

P2, N=30, Not yet recruiting, Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital

P=N/A, N=22, Completed, City of Hope Medical Center | Active, not recruiting --> Completed

MR and protein docking confirmed direct interaction between CTSB and macrophage scavenger receptor (MSR), suggesting CTSB shapes macrophage phenotypes that drive EAC risk. Our findings establish CTSB's causal role in EAC via MSR regulation, proposing CTSB-targeted modulation of tumor-associated macrophages as an effective therapeutic strategy.

P=N/A, N=66, Recruiting, University of Washington | Trial completion date: Apr 2026 --> Dec 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Feb 2026 --> Sep 2026

These findings support the concept that biochemical cues from nonmalignant ECM modulate neoplastic cell behavior. Given the involvement of PI3K-Akt and BMP4 signaling in EAC progression, ECM-based strategies may warrant further investigation as potential therapeutic approaches following esophageal cancer resection.

P=N/A, N=6000, Not yet recruiting, Imperial College London

This novel combination of ATR inhibitor berzosertib with irinotecan did not lead to objective responses in patients with TP53-mutated, advanced gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma. The combination regimen was well tolerated without unexpected adverse events. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03641313).

While the correlation between treatment effects on PFS and OS was weak in ESCC, it was moderate in PD-L1-low GEA, and good in PD-L1-high GEA. Therefore, PFS is an adequate co-primary endpoint in future trials investigating novel ICIs-based regimens in GEA, especially if the analyses are pre-planned in PD-L1-high subgroups.