FOLR1 ( Folate receptor alpha )

ADCs are leading current clinical advances. Future priorities include biomarker-driven trial designs, strategic treatment sequencing, and innovative combination strategies to maximize therapeutic benefit while minimizing toxicity.

Biomarkers predictive of treatment response-including PD-L1 expression and tumor mutational burden-are summarized, integrating recent clinical and translational evidence. We conclude by outlining future research directions focused on overcoming therapeutic resistance, refining predictive and prognostic biomarkers, and developing next-generation immunotherapies to improve clinical outcomes for patients.

At the same time, growing evidence underscores the importance of crosstalk between hormonal dysregulation and immune mechanisms within the tumour microenvironment, a relationship that profoundly influences tumour behaviour and therapeutic response. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the current state of EC management and emerging therapeutic directions, with particular emphasis on treatment options available in Poland, the authors' country of origin.

Our findings demonstrate that HER3 is a robust prognostic biomarker in HGSC and support a biologically relevant HER3-FOLR1 interaction contributing to tumor aggressiveness. These results provide a translational rationale for combined biomarker assessment and for the development of HER3- and FOLR1-targeted therapeutic strategies, particularly antibody-drug conjugates, for HGSC.

NY-07 maintained diagnostic imaging windows exceeding 12 days and demonstrated acceptable safety profiles in Phase I clinical trials (CTA: CXHL2401187), having received IND approval from both FDA and NMPA. These results position NY-07 as a strong clinical candidate with the potential to improve surgical precision and reduce false-positive resections.

We report a population of high FOLR1-expressing tumor-associated macrophages (CD163 + FOLR1 + ), suggesting potential on-target, off-tumor immune editing by MIRV. A composite biomarker score derived in this cohort correlates with objective response to MIRV and pembrolizumab.

The high expression levels of FRα in ovarian cancer but absence in the bone marrow of human tissue samples infer therapeutic and safety benefits of using FRα-selective folate radioconjugates. Measures to reduce renal retention of 6S-5-MTHF radioconjugates may, however, still be necessary.

Recently, the antibody-drug conjugate mirvetuximab soravtansine has been approved for treatment of advanced platinum-resistant high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC)...In conclusion, these results confirm that FRα expression in HGSC and LGSC reaches similar values compared to published data, and is present in a minority of endometrial serous carcinomas. In other ovarian and endometrial tumors examined, FRα expression is absent or rare.

Tumour-targeted fluorescence-guided surgery (Ttfgs) enhances intraoperative precision in gastrointestinal cancer treatment. Translation of (Ttfgs) into clinical practice is limited by heterogeneity, regulatory hurdles, biomarker variability and absence of phase III trials. Innovations such as multimodal tracers and theranostic agents may further enhance the precision and therapeutic potential of Ttfgs.

P1/2, N=36, Recruiting, Beijing Biotech

Collectively, VEGF-, PARP-, and FRα-targeted therapies have enabled more rational treatment sequencing, informed combination strategies, and personalized clinical decision-making in ovarian cancer. Ongoing efforts to define optimal sequencing, overcome acquired resistance, and refine predictive biomarkers are expected to further enhance the durability and breadth of benefit from targeted therapies and advance precision oncology in gynecologic malignancies.