Germ Cell Tumors

The patient recovered well, continued her pregnancy under specialized surveillance, and delivered at 37.1 weeks of gestation without complications. This case highlights that timely surgical intervention in a multidisciplinary setting is the definitive treatment for symptomatic mediastinal teratomas in pregnancy.

Moreover, SOX5 was associated with genomic instability, susceptibility to medicines such as azacitidine and distinct mutation patterns. SOX5 suppression in NSCLC cells in vitro impeded proliferation, migration and invasion. These findings collectively emphasize the key function of SOX5 in tumor biology and highlight its potential as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic targeting.

Islands of poorly differentiated, immature, blast-like cells are seen on histology of immature teratomas. They are graded according to the amount of immature neural tissue present and this provides an indication of prognosis.

In the third edition of this Special Issue, the participating researchers focused their studies on bispecific antibodies against solid tumors [contribution 1], teratoma development [contribution 2], the seminoma microenvironment [contribution 3], neuroblastoma and peptidergic systems [contribution 4], hepatocellular carcinoma [contribution 5], the synthesis of novel podophyllotoxin-benzothiazole congeners for use as anticancer agents [contribution 6], the effects of podophyllotoxin derivatives on non-cancerous diseases [contribution 7], and the involvement of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in chemical carcinogenesis [contribution 8] [...].

The results showed the absence of expression of POSTN and PDPN in normal canine testes and their expression in neoplastic ones, suggesting a role for these proteins in the carcinogenesis of the testis and encouraging further studies, in particular, on seminomas and Sertoli cell tumours.

Definitive diagnosis of seminoma was established through expanded immunohistochemistry (OCT4+/SALL4+/PLAP+/D2-40+) and molecular confirmation of the characteristic KIT p.D816Y mutation, which concurrently explains the observed imatinib resistance. In conclusion, the findings of the present study highlighted the imperative of integrating morphology, immunohistochemistry and context-specific molecular profiling to avoid diagnostic in CD117-positive tumors.

We revealed unique molecular pathways in TGCT samples with cryptorchidism history and identified tumor-related features in cryptorchidism accumulation. Cryptorchidism history significantly remodels the immune microenvironment of TGCT.

P1/2, N=90, Recruiting, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital | Active, not recruiting --> Recruiting | N=46 --> 90

These findings contribute to the literature suggesting that, rarely, GPV in aoCPG may contribute to cancer diagnoses in children, raising the question of how tumors in these cases may present differently in children than adults. Increased knowledge about potential childhood cancer risks related to what have historically been considered aoCPG could modify predictive genetic testing recommendations for children and enhance existing cancer screening protocols.

Key clinical translations include ERV-based stratification models predicting immune checkpoint inhibitor response in metastatic RCC, HERV-E-targeted adoptive T cell therapies, and noncoding RNA biomarkers for early bladder cancer detection. We further discuss unresolved mechanistic paradoxes such as contradictory prognostic associations between HERV superfamily expression and PBRM1 inactivation in RCC, concluding with priorities for future research: validating HERV-derived neoantigens in immunotherapy platforms, optimizing epigenetic priming strategies to enhance viral mimicry effects, and establishing standardized HERV signatures as clinical biomarkers through multi-institutional cohorts.

These findings indicate that malignant ovarian germ cell tumor subtypes harbor distinct tumor microenvironments, with dysgerminoma characterized by abundant but potentially ineffective T-cell responses owing to absent major histocompatibility complex class I-mediated antigen presentation. Therapeutic strategies restoring major histocompatibility complex class I expression may enhance T cell-based immunotherapy efficacy in dysgerminomas.

Management includes surgical excision with or without adjuvant therapy. Recognition of these unique neoplasms can aid in refining the classification scheme for such uncommon vulvar tumors.