We discussed major OV platforms with respect to payload capacity, expression control, manufacturability, and clinical track records, including lessons learned from approved or late-stage OVs such as talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) and teserpaturev/G47Δ. Finally, we propose a pragmatic clinical workflow for rapid personalization to maximize therapeutic index. Tightly integrating neoantigen science with immunovirotherapy, including recent 2025 preclinical advances like oncolytic adenovirus neoantigen delivery sensitizing low-TMB tumors to PD-1 blockade, could enable next-generation personalized cancer vaccines capable of converting "cold" tumors into responsive, systemically controlled disease.

Filgrastim (G-CSF) use in immunocompetent children with sepsis-induced MOFS is safe, and a 2-dose of filgrastim (G-CSF) for three days has poor efficacy in the reduction of mortality and did not show significant change in frequency of HAI, TNF-α levels, and pSOFA scores.

Bone marrow examination combined with genetic and molecular testing revealed a diagnosis of T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia (T-LGL), which explained the lack of response to tbo-filgrastim...Undiagnosed T-LGL may present with gram-negative bacteremia and failure to respond to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and Strongyloides infection should be considered in immunocompromised patients who are being evaluated for occult malignancy, even without identifiable epidemiological risk factors. Early recognition of these conditions can guide timely evaluation and appropriate therapy in complex immunocompromised hosts.

However, patients with unresectable disease still maintained significantly worse DMFS and OS. The regimen demonstrated a manageable safety profile.

P3, N=190, Active, not recruiting, CG Oncology, Inc. | Trial completion date: Dec 2029 --> Dec 2031 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2027 --> Jun 2030

P1/2, N=50, Completed, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute | Trial completion date: Feb 2026 --> Aug 2025 | Active, not recruiting --> Completed

P3, N=1449, Completed, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Active, not recruiting --> Completed

P1/2, N=76, Not yet recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI)

P1, N=21, Completed, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute | Active, not recruiting --> Completed

To investigate multimodal therapeutic approaches that combine epigenetic modulation with immunogenic and cytotoxic effects of oncolytic viruses (OVs), we evaluated two recombinant OVs, including the herpes simplex virus talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) and a measles vaccine virus (MeV-GFP), in combination with NEO2734 in four distinct NC cell lines. Evaluation of immunogenic cell death (ICD) markers displayed elevated ATP and HMGB1 levels and increased surface calreticulin with T-VEC and NEO2734 combinations. Overall, these findings indicate that combining OVs with BET/p300 inhibitors elicits potent antitumor responses, supports synergistic interactions and immunogenicity, and warrants further investigation in multimodal therapeutic strategies for NC.

P1/2, N=12, Recruiting, Ossium Health, Inc. | Trial completion date: Dec 2026 --> Mar 2027 | Trial primary completion date: Feb 2026 --> May 2026

P2, N=41, Completed, City of Hope Medical Center | Active, not recruiting --> Completed