HER-2 expression

The FROC model could help identify the low Ki67 expression (≤ 5%) and prevent unnecessary chemotherapy.

Multiplexed imaging showed broad but heterogeneous HER2 expression across tumor states in both cases; in the MYCN-amplified tumor, this occurred alongside EGFR/MAPK-enriched proliferative niches, whereas the ZFTA-RELA tumor showed more diffuse organization without strong coupling of EGFR and proliferation. These findings provide early clinical evidence supporting HER2-directed ADCs in ependymoma and highlight the value of integrated molecular and spatial profiling in interpreting therapeutic response in rare CNS tumors.

BCL2 can serve as a useful prognostic marker and merits inclusion in the routine IHC panel for breast cancer, as it may contribute to the development of individualized, tailored therapeutic strategies.

Using a blinded test set of 412 unique tissue samples, our approach achieved a testing accuracy of 84.9% for 4-class (0, 1+, 2+, 3+) HER2 classification and 94.8% for binary (0/1+ versus 2+/3+) HER2 scoring with uncertainty quantification. This lensfree holography approach provides a practical pathway toward high-throughput, cost-effective HER2 scoring, particularly suited for resource-limited settings where traditional digital pathology infrastructure is unavailable.

Bax expression levels were lower in the tumour group and the B. multiflora extract-treated groups than in the control group. The absence of the apoptotic and/or cytotoxic effects observed in previous studies involving Bryonia species in this study may be due to several factors. Similar studies should be conducted in the future to further understand the various therapeutic effects of plants.

This case suggests that disitamab vedotin combined with toripalimab may have activity in selected patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma, including those with low HER2 expression. However, the findings should be interpreted cautiously, and further studies are needed to clarify the role of this regimen and the value of predictive biomarkers.

Our collective data indicate that 27HC interferes with endocrine therapy and chemotherapy in breast cancer, representing a novel mechanism of MDR. Accordingly, we propose that hypercholesterolemia or accumulation of 27HC is a potential health risk for breast cancer patients.

These findings support the investigation of rational combination approaches informed by sensitive detection methods and functional testing to address resistance in ultra-rare cancers. Implications: Integrative multi-omic profiling combined with functional testing in DSRCT reveals patient-specific vulnerabilities and biologically targetable receptor and DNA damage response dependencies, while defining immune states that may inform therapeutic response and rational combination strategies in this rare, fusion-driven cancer.

Short-course preoperative ET induces rapid and reproducible morphological and immunophenotypic changes in ER-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer. Ki67-defined response is associated with genomic risk and PR expression, whereas microenvironmental features appear to have limited predictive value.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), such as trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) and sacituzumab govitecan (SG) offer new and potent options for curing for curing hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-low advanced breast cancer; however, comparisons in terms of their relative effectiveness and safety concerns are lacking. Compared with other ADC drugs, T-DXd showed relatively better treatment characteristics, better PFS benefit, and relatively low incidence of serious AEs (SAEs). Combined with RCTs and real-world data, T-DXd has potential advantages in this population.

The nomogram based on HER2 status shows promising preliminary predictive performance in predicting pCR. Given the lack of external validation and single‑center design, this model remains exploratory and hypothesis‑generating.

Collectively, these findings establish HER2‑low expression as a negative predictor of immunotherapy response, shaped by a less immunogenic tumor microenvironment. These results provide important insights into the distinct immunological features of HER2‑low triple‑negative breast cancer and warrant further mechanistic and clinical investigations.