HER-2 mutation

The cooperative GOG 281/LOGS trial showed that trametinib, an MEK inhibitor (MEKi), was significantly more effective than standard-of-care options (including chemotherapy or hormonal therapy) in increasing progression-free survival (median PFS 13.0 months vs. 7.2 months; hazard ratio 0.48, p < 0.001)...Genomic and multi-omic profiling have revealed actionable vulnerabilities and precision oncology approaches. The advent of biomarker-directed trials, molecular subtyping incorporation, and innovative computational strategies is likely to gradually ameliorate therapy selection and, thereby, finally improve long-term outcomes for patients with this complex disease.

P3, N=240, Active, not recruiting, MedSIR | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting

P1/2, N=315, Active, not recruiting, Dizal Pharmaceuticals | Trial completion date: Jul 2025 --> Dec 2025

In September 2025, imlunestrant was approved for the treatment of adults with ER+, HER2-, ESR1-mutated advanced or metastatic breast cancer with disease progression following at least one line of endocrine therapy in the USA. This article summarizes the milestones in the development of imlunestrant leading to this first approval for use in patients with ER+, HER2-, ESR1-mutated advanced or metastatic breast cancer.

Based on gene ontology analysis, we additionally show that these genes have plausible connections to breast cancer biology that should be experimentally investigated. Here, we demonstrate the utility of the unsupervised random forest model over K-means clustering for identifying important genes in breast cancer.

ERBB2 focal amplification is associated with improved outcomes in trastuzumab-treated patients with HER2-positive gastric cancer, whereas NOTCH3 alterations predict a poor prognosis. These genomic features may support risk stratification and therapeutic decisions.

In the past few years, circulating tumour DNA has emerged as a minimally invasive biomarker, with increasing data supporting its prognostic value and utility for monitoring clinical responses. In this Review, we address these developments and discuss biomarkers that could have clinical utility in patients with aUC.

Reduced survival rates were seen in populations with the TP53 or KRAS mutation. This study provides a detailed descriptive genomic landscape of ampullary carcinoma, highlighting frequent mutations between patient groups and the mutational burden of the DNA damage response pathway in ampullary cancer, laying important groundwork for the development of therapeutic targets and more individualized treatment regimens.

P2, N=88, Active, not recruiting, Fudan University | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting

Combating GBC requires a comprehensive strategy encompassing health education, screening of high-risk populations, precise staging, and individualized multimodal treatment. Future research should focus on building molecular subtype-based prognostic models, conducting high-level clinical studies to resolve surgical controversies, and exploring the integration of novel adjuvant therapies with traditional surgery.

Our findings reveal a distinct molecular signature of UTUC in Southwestern Taiwan, with early- and late-stage tumors showing divergent mutational landscapes. These insights emphasize the importance of molecular stratification in UTUC management and suggest that a broader repertoire of targeted therapies could benefit patients in this high-incidence region.