P2, N=50, Completed, Yale University | Active, not recruiting --> Completed

Furthermore, CD24 knockdown reduced its expression level by promoting the ubiquitination modification of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and significantly inhibited its downstream AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. By interacting with EGFR and modulating the mTOR pathway, CD24 acted as a critical regulator of autophagic cell death, thereby enhancing the sensitivity of HER2+ BC cells and reversing Pyrotinib resistance.

P2, N=25, Recruiting, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute | Trial primary completion date: Mar 2026 --> Sep 2026

P3, N=160, Active, not recruiting, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting

Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA) was conducted to integrate direct and indirect comparisons, addressing the lack of head-to-head trials. Eleven studies (2 RCTs, 9 retrospective; 826 patients) evaluated four treatment strategies: pyrotinib + RT, pyrotinib alone, RT alone, and lapatinib + RT. In contrast, lapatinib + RT appeared to offer limited benefit and a higher risk of SAEs. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to validate these findings.

P=N/A, N=200, Not yet recruiting, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University

P=N/A, N=43, Not yet recruiting, Beijing Cancer Hospital; Beijing Cancer Hospital

Afatinib 30 mg daily achieved comparable efficacy and better tolerability than 40 mg, with significantly longer PFS and OS in patients harboring compound or double-rare EGFR mutations. These findings suggest that lower-dose afatinib may optimize efficacy and safety in patients with uncommon EGFR-mutant NSCLC.

These findings suggest that DNMT1/3B-skewed methylation at the SOX9/DEFA5 promoters may be counteracted by ten-eleven translocation-mediated counter-demethylation. Collectively, our data indicate that afatinib modulates Paneth-like differentiation markers via DNA methylation-dependent repression of SOX9/DEFA5 and DNA methylation-independent induction of OSR1/RIP140 in Caco-2 cells, which may be relevant to crypt-associated epithelial function and gastrointestinal safety.

P1, N=33, Suspended, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Trial completion date: Dec 2025 --> Jan 2027 | Recruiting --> Suspended

P2, N=93, Active, not recruiting, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center | Trial completion date: Dec 2025 --> Dec 2027 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2025 --> Dec 2027

This study demonstrates that TMIGD2 is downregulated in BLCA and correlates with adverse prognosis and immune regulation. Its potential as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target is underscored by its involvement in key pathways, immune infiltration, and drug sensitivity. Further research is essential to fully realize the clinical potential of TMIGD2 in the management of BLCA.