axitinib

Despite extensive prior treatment, patients experienced clinical benefit from TT, particularly VEGFR-TKIs, after progression on belzutifan. These findings support the feasibility of sequencing TT following belzutifan-based regimens in advanced ccRCC, and highlight the need to further define optimal therapeutic sequencing strategies.

P3, N=718, Not yet recruiting, SWOG Cancer Research Network

P3, N=861, Completed, Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC | Active, not recruiting --> Completed

P=N/A, N=210, Not yet recruiting, The Third Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Chinese PLA General Hospital

P=N/A, N=52, Recruiting, Tianjin Cancer Hospital Airport Hospita; Tianjin Cancer Hospital Airport Hospita

Notable differences between the high- and low-risk groups were found in immune pathways, cell infiltration, tumor mutational burden, and drug sensitivity (e.g., axitinib). SERPINB5, SFRP1, and TFRC were highly expressed in PAAD samples, providing new insights into potential therapeutic strategies in PAAD treatment.

Targeting pyroptosis is a novel therapeutic avenue for PN. This review synthesizes current mechanistic understanding, evaluates preclinical therapeutic strategies, and delineates crucial future directions, including elucidating gasdermin diversity, validating PANoptosis, and bridging the translational divide, thereby accelerating their application for patients suffering from PN.

None exhibited a meaningful clinical response to localized palliative radiotherapy or to systemic therapy consisting of immunotherapy in combination with axitinib. These observations suggest that BAP1 loss in ccRCC may be associated with early spinal metastatic presentation, reduced survival, and resistance to commonly used therapeutic regimens. Incorporating routine immunohistochemical assessment of BAP1 status into diagnostic evaluation may facilitate earlier identification of aggressive disease and support the development of more individualized treatment strategies aimed at improving clinical outcomes.

Small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as lenvatinib and axitinib may provide disease stabilization in adenoid cystic carcinoma, although tumor shrinkage is uncommon and toxicity limits their long-term use. For most patients without a targetable alteration, platinum-based combinations remain the pragmatic choice, though expectations for benefit should be tempered. Future strategies will likely hinge on optimizing biomarker-driven therapies, expanding access to antibody-drug conjugates, and pursuing collaborative trial designs to overcome the rarity and heterogeneity of these tumors.

This tendency was not changed by everolimus (HR = 2.66), but was abrogated slightly by sunitinib (HR = 1.59) and considerably by ICI-based therapies, including nivolumab monotherapy (HR = 1.12), atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (HR = 1.10), and avelumab plus axitinib (HR = 0.69). Overall, our findings suggest that NF1/2 mutations can serve as predictive biomarkers for favorable benefits from ICI-based treatments over VEGFR/mTOR inhibitors in advanced ccRCCs.

P2, N=73, Active, not recruiting, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center | Trial completion date: Jan 2026 --> Jan 2028 | Trial primary completion date: Jan 2026 --> Jan 2028

P1, N=72, Active, not recruiting, Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC | Trial completion date: Sep 2026 --> May 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Sep 2026 --> May 2026