JAK2 (Janus kinase 2)

This work provides the first genomic characterisation of a diagnosed MDS cohort in China and establishes the first risk prediction model for MDS-to-AML transformation, alongside novel prognostic models for OS and PFS. These tools offer improved prognostic prediction and potential guidance for therapeutic strategies in Chinese patients with MDS.

This broad, multi-pathway modulation mirrors the phenotype produced by metformin and rapamycin, yet occurred with no detectable cytotoxicity, paralleling metformin and rapamycin with negligible cytotoxicity. Although prospective clinical outcomes are still lacking, the pleiotropic mechanism profile positions C15:0 as a potentially unique nutraceutical or adjunct therapeutic candidate. Further research is warranted to confirm its clinical impacts, optimize dosing, and clarify long-term safety as an essential fatty acid supporting metabolic and immune homeostasis.

The most used agents include hydroxyurea, interferon, hypomethylating agents, and JAK inhibitors, although none of them are disease-modifying. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant remains the only potentially curative approach and should be considered in all eligible patients. Actionable mutations (CSF3R, NRAS/KRAS, and KIT) have also been identified, supporting the development of new agents targeting the involved pathways.

Statistically significant interactions existed between COPD/asthma, female sex (HR 3.94, 95% CI 1.01-11.02), ET phenotype (HR 7.1, 95% CI 15.3-16.7), JAK2 positive status (HR 4.17, 95% CI 1.04-6.9), hydroxyurea use (HR 4.67, 95% CI 1.10-7.43), and the presence of other cardiovascular risk factors (HR 8.1, 95% CI 1.55-10.72) with overall thrombotic risk (interaction p < 0.050 for all analyses)...There was no effect of COPD/asthma on overall survival. These results provide an important signal regarding the potentially inferior outcomes in ET/PV patients presenting with these common respiratory disorders and may help to further personalize MPN management.

These findings establish OSM as a key mediator linking oncogenic STAT5 activation to remodeling of the microenvironment and immune suppression. Targeting OSM signaling therefore represents a promising therapeutic strategy to alleviate disease progression in myeloproliferative neoplasms and related malignancies.

Despite aggressive therapy, the patient died 21 months after diagnosis. This case delineates the importance of early biopsy, integration of molecular studies, and the urgent need for therapies to improve outcomes in this aggressive lymphoma.

Natural compounds (neferine, ajoene, baicalein, isoliensinine, curcumin analogs) and synthetic drugs (5-FU, oxaliplatin, irinotecan, norcantharidin, cordycepin) modulate EMT and trigger ferroptosis, cuproptosis, paraptosis, and autophagy...Simultaneous targeting of EMT, CR-CSC maintenance, and chemoresistance using multifunctional natural and synthetic agents represents a promising strategy in CRC therapy. Induction of alternative cell death pathways may improve response, minimize relapse, and enable combinatorial regimens for resistant tumors.

This review explores the key activation molecules in these pathways, the microglial phenotype, and associated inflammatory processes. Additionally, the authors summarize the latest literature and application prospects of certain drugs/compounds/non-invasive treatments, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the development of novel microglia-targeted therapies.

Taken together, our studies indicate that LON can suppress AD-like skin inflammation both in vivo and in vitro. These findings imply that LON may serve as a possible alternative therapeutic treatment for AD or other skin-related inflammatory diseases.

This demonstrated that the spatial distribution of the marginal zone, red pulp and white pulp remained unaltered upon anti-integrin treatment in JAK2-V617F knock-in mice. In summary, the present study identified a previously unrecognized role of the β1-integrin VLA-4 and of β2-integrin chains in extramedullary erythropoiesis of the spleen in JAK2-V617F-induced disease.

The humanized anti-TM4SF4 antibody, Hz2B7-1.2, exhibits strong antitumor activity through multiple mechanisms, including inhibition of oncogenic signaling pathways, reduction of EMT-associated stemness, and modulation of immune responses. These findings support Hz2B7-1.2 as a promising therapeutic candidate for TM4SF4-positive cancers, warranting further clinical investigation.

Low-dose aspirin and/or phlebotomy (with frequency determined by symptom relief) might be considered on an individualized basis in the presence of hyperviscosity symptoms, cardiovascular comorbidities, and/or a history of thrombosis. Aggressive control of cardiovascular risk factors is recommended in all. A graphic abstract representation is provided in Figure 1.