Kidney Cancer

The recent developments and acquired knowledge on newer renal entities with eosinophilic cytoplasm opened insights into the clinical, pathological, immunohistochemical, molecular, epidemiological aspects, and the prognosis of these entities. We emphasize the role of routine morphology, aided by appropriate and select immunohistochemistry, as essential keys for diagnosing eosinophilic renal tumours.

Although they account for only about 5% of RCC, they are clinically significant due to distinctive biology, frequent diagnostic pitfalls, and therapeutic implications. Many pathology laboratories lack immediate access to fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) or next-generation sequencing (NGS) to confirm MDRC; this review emphasizes morphologic recognition and immunohistochemical surrogates, followed by rational triage for ancillary testing when available.

Liquid biopsy demonstrates strong diagnostic and prognostic potential across GU cancers. While bladder and prostate cancer assays are most advanced, emerging evidence in UTUC and kidney cancer is encouraging. Prospective, longitudinal validation remains essential before widespread clinical adoption.

TFE3-rearranged PEComas and TFEB-amplified RCC are more recently described related neoplasms harbouring alterations in these same genes. This review summarizes our current knowledge of these molecularly defined neoplasms, and differential diagnostic considerations.

Umbilical involvement in LP is exceedingly rare, with only three cases reported in the literature, including one instance of nivolumab-induced umbilical LP (Martos-Cabrera L, Lladó I, Fernández-Rico P, Butrón-Bris B, Rodríguez-Jiménez P. Umbilical lichen planus induced by nivolumab. Increasing reports of atypical lichenoid reactions highlight the spectrum of these events. Our report adds evidence of umbilical and psoriasiform LP as a distinct clinical pattern, highlighting the importance of awareness among oncologists and dermatologists.

P2, N=10, Terminated, Jinling Hospital, China | N=100 --> 10 | Trial completion date: Dec 2027 --> Oct 2025 | Recruiting --> Terminated | Trial primary completion date: Jan 2027 --> Oct 2025; The patient enrollment rate is proceeding too slowly

Cell experiments revealed that interference of UBE2Q1-AS1 significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of 786-O cells. The migrasome-associated lncRNA model accurately predicts ccRCC patient prognosis, offering new insights for immunotherapy and clinical applications.

Radiology plays a central role in the management of these therapies, as phenomena such as pseudoprogression challenge the classic RECIST (response evaluation criteria in solid tumors) system, and early detection of immune-mediated side effects often precedes clinical manifestation in imaging. The growing complexity of therapy requires radiologists to possess precise image interpretation, interdisciplinary collaboration, and knowledge of immunological principles, thus, enabling an improved prognosis for many tumor types.

It underscores the necessity of genetic testing for MPC patients and demonstrates that aggressive management of primary tumors can improve the patient's quality of life. This case provides valuable insights for clinical research and treatment strategies for MPC.

Additionally, we found eccDNA carrying full protein-coding genes that are overexpressed in transcriptional analyses. Our findings suggest that small eccDNAs with miRNA genes are functional and contribute to the tumorigenesis of renal cell carcinoma.

SLC44A4 gene could be a biomarker to predict the prognosis of CRC patients. In addition, this new prognostic model that we proposed can improve the predictive ability to evaluate the prognosis and clinical outcomes of CRC patients.

This case highlights the potential for misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis of BHD syndrome in patients presenting with spontaneous pneumothorax. A detailed family history, early recognition, and multidisciplinary evaluation are essential for early and appropriate management.