KIT (KIT proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase)

Alterations associated with the formation of a somatic-type malignancy and/or the development of cisplatin resistance include TP53 mutations or MDM2 gene amplifications as well as epigenetic alterations...Additionally, we will provide guidance on how to examine a testicular tumour specimen histopathologically to reach an accurate diagnosis. Finally, we will outline the importance of the content of a histopathological report for the urologists and oncologists.

Given the tumour's unresectable nature due to proximity to critical mediastinal structures and the patient's comorbidities, she was initiated on a modified combination immune checkpoint inhibitor regimen with nivolumab and ipilimumab. This case highlights the importance of a meticulous diagnostic approach to solitary pulmonary lesions and underscores the evolving role of immunotherapy in managing rare malignancies such as PMML. Reporting such cases enhances the clinical understanding and guides future management of this rare disease.

Although inflammatory markers showed limited overall correlations, the PLR-PNI relationship and reduced PNI in necrotic tumors suggest that inflammation and nutritional decline may reflect tumor aggressiveness in small bowel GISTs. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Primary gallbladder EGISTs are exceedingly rare, with insidious onset and nonspecific clinical manifestations. Histopathological examination combined with immunohistochemistry remains the cornerstone of definitive diagnosis.

Notably, weak DOG1 positivity was observed, a rare finding that may complicate distinction from gastrointestinal stromal tumours. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges of small bowel LMS, the central role of surgical resection in management, and the need for careful pathological evaluation to avoid misclassification and guide prognosis.

This case brings to light the diagnostic challenges posed by variant APLs that may demonstrate divergent morphologic and phenotypic features and carry translocations that render the routine PML::RARA fusion-based methodologies futile. Accurate diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion and a comprehensive multifaceted diagnostic strategy that encompasses morphologic assessment, immunophenotypic analysis, RARA break-apart probe analysis supplementing traditional fusion probe techniques, conventional karyotyping, and advanced molecular fusion testing.

In conclusion, EMI at diagnosis may not significantly impact survival in t(8;21) AML. For patients with cGVHD after allo-HSCT, EMR should be monitored.

Idarubicin, cytarabine, etoposide (IA ± E) chemotherapy yielded superior survival, while azacitidine+venetoclax (AZA+VEN) regimens underperformed. The study was registered on the Chinese clinical trial registry (ChiCTR) platform (No. ChiCTR2500096484).

Infiltrative mediastinal/retroperitoneal MS may present with esophageal obstruction and mimic lymphoma or carcinoma. High-index suspicion, targeted biopsy with high-power morphology, and a focused immunohistochemical panel are critical for timely diagnosis and treatment initiation.

This spatial organization suggests their involvement in intercellular communication and stromal coordination within the ovarian microenvironment. These findings provide the first ultrastructural and immunohistochemical evidence of telocytes in the human ovarian stroma and highlight the need for further studies to clarify their physiological and pathological roles in ovarian function, including potential morphological and molecular differences among females of different age groups.

The advent of targeted therapy, notably the first tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) imatinib, has revolutionized the treatment landscape for GISTs...This commentary highlights discrepancies in the recommendations for managing GISTs as outlined in these major guidelines. Based on emerging new evidence from recent studies, the authors propose recommendations to be considered for inclusion in future guideline updates to optimize management strategies and ultimately improve the outcomes of patients with GISTs.

Patients with DEK-CAN fusion gene positive AML have a very poor prognosis, low primary induced remission rate, and high mortality. For confirmed cases, patients in remission with chemotherapy should undergo allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as soon as possible to have a chance of long-term survival.