KRAS G12C

Additional discussion includes advancements in therapies directed at MET, HER2, RET, ROS1, and FGFR alterations-each representing promising targets in NSCLC. This review concludes by exploring the growing evidence surrounding TROP-2 as a novel therapeutic target, especially relevant in cases where previous targeted treatments have failed.

Overall, we report that Sitagliptin and Linagliptin have significant anticancer potential towards KRAS-mutated PDAC. Furthermore, we recommend repurposing of more drugs to examine their anti-cancer potential towards these aggressive cancers and to overcome clinical resistance in the near future.

This case highlights the potential clinical utility of KRAS G12C inhibitors in EC and highlights the importance of molecular profiling in identifying actionable mutations that may guide treatment decisions. This report, contributing to the limited body of evidence that includes three prior cases evaluating the role of sotorasib and adagrasib across several solid malignancies, highlights the clinical and translational relevance of adagrasib in advancing precision-targeted therapy for KRAS G12C-mutated tumors.

Compared with non-carriers, MAP patients had an earlier CRC onset (49 vs. 59 years, p = 0.008), a higher prevalence of polyps (OR = 5.26; CI 95% 1.49-18.59; p = 0.036) and a family history of cancers (84.6% vs. 48.9%, p = 0.014), but fewer occurrences of metastasis (30.7% vs. 68.3%, p = 0.006) and stage IV tumors (30.8% vs. 68.3%, p = 0.029). Notably, most MAP cases (11/15) were not previously diagnosed, demonstrating that the strong association between KRAS-G12C mutations and the presence of MUTYH GPVs supports its use as a biomarker for referring patients to germline MUTYH testing, enabling appropriate follow-up, surveillance and preventive strategies for individuals at risk.

Garsorasib demonstrated encouraging antitumor activity and a tolerable safety profile in patients with KRAS G12C-mutated advanced pancreatic cancer.

Glecirasib monotherapy and its combination with cetuximab represent potential treatment options for patients with advanced, refractory colorectal cancer harbouring KRASG12C mutations. The promising efficacy and safety support further exploration of glecirasib-based combinations in earlier lines of treatment.

We also critically examine the shortcomings of early-generation SRC inhibitors in solid tumors and highlight emerging therapeutic avenues such as next-generation inhibitors, proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) degraders, and biomarker-guided combination strategies. By connecting molecular insights with preclinical and clinical findings, this review positions SRC as a therapeutically actionable vulnerability in KRAS-driven cancers and outlines a translational framework for overcoming drug resistance.

This pooled analysis confirmed the robust efficacy and manageable safety of garsorasib in KRAS G12C-mutated NSCLC.

Glecirasib combined with sitneprotafib showed promising efficacy and manageable safety in patients with advanced KRASG12C -mutated NSCLC, particularly among those who had not received previous treatment. These findings support the evaluation of this combination in a phase 3 trial comparing this chemotherapy-free regimen to current standard of care in this patient group.

Despite the historical challenges in targeting KRAS-mutant proteins, the findings of this study support the potential of natural products as scaffolds for anticancer drug discovery as a source for developing novel anticancer therapies. The identified phytochemicals from C. officinalis such as calendasaponin D and procyanidin A2 may serve as potential leads for future preclinical and experimental validation against KRAS-driven malignancies.

Olomorasib + pembrolizumab demonstrated manageable safety and promising antitumor activity in patients with KRAS G12C-mutant advanced NSCLC across PD-L1 expression levels, especially in the high PD-L1 first-line setting.

In this review, we provide an overview of the RAS pathway and discuss the ongoing development and status of therapeutic strategies for targeting the oncogenic RAS. We further delve into the challenges of resistance mechanisms to better understand the rationale behind these developing strategies, describe their mechanisms of action, and offer insights into the current clinical trial status of each of these approaches.