KRAS wild-type

Currently, selpercatinib, larotrectinib, and repotrectinib are approved by the FDA for the treatment of certain solid tumors harboring specific gene fusions. Recent studies on zenocutuzumab resulted in the FDA-accelerated approval for NGR1 fusion-positive NSCLC and PDAC. Germline mutations may specifically increase responsiveness to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors or platinum-based treatments. Comprehensive genomic profiling, incorporating fusion detection and germline testing, is essential to identify patients who may benefit from precision-based approaches.

Histopathological evaluation may aid risk stratification alongside KRAS status. Prognostic assessment in clinical settings should take both TNM staging and KRAS status into account.

The research also integrates recent advances in multi-targeted strategies, including combinations of KRAS inhibitors with metabolic or epigenetic modulators or immune checkpoint blockade. These findings provide potential strategies for overcoming resistance in KRAS-mutant CRC, addressing a critical gap in precision oncology.

Our findings directly inform clinical guidelines, address gaps in current therapeutic decision-making. Durvalumab or pembrolizumab combined with GC are optimal first-line regimens for advanced BTC, balancing survival benefits and safety. Sintilimab plus anlotinib combined with GC demonstrates superior PFS but requires further validation. While EGFR inhibitors plus chemotherapy demonstrate potential in KRAS wild-type patients, confirmation in large-scale RCTs is required. PD-L1 expression may represent a promising predictive biomarker for response to PD-1 inhibitor therapy.

Consequently, the patient was diagnosed with pancreatic medullary carcinoma. To our knowledge, only 33 cases of pancreatic medullary carcinoma have been reported to date, and this is the first report to describe its cytological features.

This study suggests codon 13 KRAS mutations may be associated with LR in LARC. However, given the small number patients and events, these findings should be cautiously interpreted until confirmed by larger studies. Preoperative genetic testing for KRAS mutations is suggested to enhance risk stratification.

The addition of targeted therapy based on biomarker status (e.g., panitumumab in KRAS-wildtype tumors) demonstrated significant improvements in DFS and OS...Its efficacy is highly dependent on careful patient selection based on disease stage and molecular characteristics. Future research should focus on randomized trials in high-risk populations and the integration of personalized treatment approaches.

These include oncogene driver alterations (gene fusions and mutations) and mutations in genes of the HR pathway. Targeted therapy strategies for PDAC rely on molecular testing beyond RAS, but further research is needed to identify new therapeutic approaches that improve outcomes in PDAC.

SAC was an aggressive NSCLC subtype, with KRAS and METex14 as the most common driver mutations. Given the high prevalence of PD-L1 expression in SAC, further research on immunotherapy efficacy in this group is warranted.

P1, N=2, Active, not recruiting, Roswell Park Cancer Institute | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2025 --> Jul 2025

One patient had pleomorphic Sertoli cells associated with TP53 variants and very poor prognosis with early recurrence after complete initial surgery of a stage IA tumor. These data highlight the biological relationship between SLCTs and their heterologous elements, and the clinical usefulness of identifying pathogenic variants (ie, TERT and TP53), although this last point needs to be confirmed in a larger series.

P1/2, N=22, Completed, Laekna Limited | Active, not recruiting --> Completed