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    GENE:

    MSI (Microsatellite instability)

    i
    Other names: MSI | Microsatellite instability
    1d
    Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy of BL-M05D1 in Subjects With Solid Tumors (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P1, N=160, Recruiting, SystImmune Inc. | N=120 --> 160
    Enrollment change
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    HER-2 (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) • PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1) • KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase) • BRAF (B-raf proto-oncogene) • MSI (Microsatellite instability) • FGFR2 (Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2) • IDH1 (Isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1) • CLDN18 (Claudin 18) • NTRK (Neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase)
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    PD-L1 expression • KRAS mutation • MSI-H/dMMR • HER-2 overexpression • BRAF mutation • HER-2 mutation • IDH1 mutation • CLDN18.2 expression • FGFR2 mutation • FGFR2 fusion • IDH mutation + NTRK fusion • NTRK fusion
    1d
    MONAMI: Monalizumab and MEDI5752 in Patients With MSI and/or dMMR Metastatic Cancer (clinicaltrials.gov)
    P2, N=0, Withdrawn, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris | N=43 --> 0 | Not yet recruiting --> Withdrawn
    Enrollment change • Trial withdrawal • Tumor mutational burden • dMMR • First-in-human
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    MSI (Microsatellite instability)
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    MSI-H/dMMR
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    volrustomig (MEDI5752) • monalizumab (IPH2201)
    2d
    Pancreatic cancer immunotherapy biomarkers: from traditional markers to multimodal integration and dynamic monitoring. (PubMed, Front Immunol)
    Future directions include multicenter prospective trials to validate multimodal models, standardize detection methods, and increase interdisciplinary collaboration. By integrating genomic, epigenetic, metabolic, and microbiome data, these models can better capture the complexity of PDAC, thereby improving patient outcomes through precision immunotherapy.
    Review • Journal • Tumor mutational burden • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker
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    PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1) • TMB (Tumor Mutational Burden) • MSI (Microsatellite instability) • CD8 (cluster of differentiation 8) • CA 19-9 (Cancer antigen 19-9)
    3d
    A non-randomized phase 2 trial of pembrolizumab in untreated patients with carcinoma of unknown primary site. (PubMed, Eur J Cancer)
    This is the first study investigating the safety and efficacy of pembrolizumab in untreated CUP patients. Some responses were observed, but this primary endpoint was not met. We recommend screening all CUP patients for MMR/microsatellite instability (MSI). Future studies should evaluate combination therapies with pembrolizumab.
    P2 data • Journal
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    PD-L1 (Programmed death ligand 1) • MSI (Microsatellite instability)
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    Keytruda (pembrolizumab)
    3d
    A CT-based model integrating deep learning features radiomics and body composition for preoperative prediction of microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer: a multicenter study. (PubMed, Eur J Radiol)
    In summary, the interpretable CDLR fusion model based on enhanced CT demonstrates promising potential as a noninvasive pre-screening tool for predicting MSI in CRC, supporting individualized treatment strategies, while further prospective validation is needed before routine clinical adoption.
    Clinical • Journal • Microsatellite instability
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    MSI (Microsatellite instability)
    3d
    Comparative Analysis of Homologous Recombination Repair Status Across Gynecologic and Breast Cancers in Chinese Populations. (PubMed, Curr Cancer Drug Targets)
    The mutational patterns affecting homologous recombination repair differ across gynecologic and breast cancers. Further research into cancer-specific HRD mechanisms is warranted.
    Journal • Tumor mutational burden • BRCA Biomarker • PARP Biomarker
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    TP53 (Tumor protein P53) • PIK3CA (Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha) • TMB (Tumor Mutational Burden) • BRCA1 (Breast cancer 1, early onset) • BRCA2 (Breast cancer 2, early onset) • MSI (Microsatellite instability) • HRD (Homologous Recombination Deficiency) • JAK2 (Janus kinase 2) • PALB2 (Partner and localizer of BRCA2) • SMARCA4 (SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily A, member 4) • BRCA (Breast cancer early onset) • EPHA5 (EPH Receptor A5)
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    TP53 mutation • BRCA2 mutation • BRCA1 mutation • PIK3CA mutation • HRD • PALB2 mutation • BRCA mutation
    3d
    Discovery of WRN helicase inhibitors by 3D-CNN docking and ML consensus from traditional Chinese medicine monomers. (PubMed, J Mol Graph Model)
    In contrast, NDGA emerged as the most thermodynamically stable test compound, driven by strong van der Waals interactions and high-density hydrogen bond formation. Collectively, these results demonstrate the utility of AI-driven virtual screening for modernizing TCM-derived drug discovery and nominate NDGA as a potential lead for WRN-targeted cancer therapy.
    Journal
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    MSI (Microsatellite instability) • WRN (WRN RecQ Like Helicase)
    3d
    Comparative efficacy and safety of nivolumab-based combination therapies (with ipilimumab or binimetinib) in patients with microsatellite-stable and microsatellite-instability-high metastatic colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (PubMed, Clin Transl Oncol)
    In metastatic CRC patients who receive nivolumab-based combination therapies demonstrate partial tumor responses that increase while their safety profile remains acceptable, but their overall response rates do not improve. The research demonstrates how immunotherapy serves as a standard treatment method for MSI-H disease while emphasizing the need to develop biomarker-driven approaches that enhance treatment selection methods, especially for MSS CRC.
    Retrospective data • Review • Journal • Microsatellite instability • MSi-H Biomarker • PD(L)-1 Biomarker • IO biomarker • MSI-H
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    MSI (Microsatellite instability)
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    MSI-H/dMMR
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    Opdivo (nivolumab) • Yervoy (ipilimumab) • Mektovi (binimetinib)
    4d
    Survival in Patients With Low Expression of Wild-Type Homologous Recombination Genes: Refining the Homologous Recombination Paradigm in Colorectal Cancer. (PubMed, JCO Precis Oncol)
    Low BLM RNA expression is associated with improved survival after treatment with DNA-damaging agents, whereas low RAD51 expression shows a favorable but nonsignificant trend. These findings are exploratory and suggest that RNA-based HR gene expression may warrant further investigation as a potential prognostic biomarker in metastatic CRC.
    Journal • MSi-H Biomarker
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    MSI (Microsatellite instability) • HRD (Homologous Recombination Deficiency) • RAD51 (RAD51 Homolog A)
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    MSI-H/dMMR • HRD
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    5-fluorouracil • oxaliplatin • irinotecan • leucovorin calcium
    4d
    Living Guidelines for Tumor-Agnostic Therapies: A Pathway to Next-Generation Cancer Treatment. (PubMed, JCO Precis Oncol)
    As oncology evolves toward molecular precision, living tumor-agnostic guidelines are critical for ensuring equitable, evidence-informed care for all patients, particularly those with rare cancers. National organizations must prioritize their development to fully realize the promise of precision medicine.
    Review • Journal • MSi-H Biomarker • IO biomarker • Pan tumor
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    MSI (Microsatellite instability) • NTRK (Neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase)
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    MSI-H/dMMR
    4d
    Lymphadenectomy Considerations Beyond Standard Gastrectomy. (PubMed, Ann Surg Oncol)
    Treatment with D1 LND is recommended for gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma (g-NEC), g-NET with lymphadenopathy, and grade 3 disease. Lymphadenectomy generally is unnecessary for g-GIST, except for those with persistent lymphadenopathy after neoadjuvant therapy or uncommon mutations.
    Review • Journal • MSi-H Biomarker
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    MSI (Microsatellite instability)
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    MSI-H/dMMR
    4d
    CRISPR-mediated MLH1 disruption suppresses endometrial cancer growth via genomic instability induction and Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibition. (PubMed, Folia Histochem Cytobiol)
    In EC cells with pre-existing MLH1 promoter methylation, MLH1-KD leads to MSI-H, enhances genomic instability, disrupts Wnt signaling, impairs cellular functions, and inhibits tumor growth, highlighting Wnt signaling and MSI-H as potential therapeutic targets in EC.
    Journal • MSi-H Biomarker
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    MSI (Microsatellite instability) • MLH1 (MutL homolog 1)
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    MSI-H/dMMR