Mucosal Melanoma

P2, N=20, Not yet recruiting, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center

P2, N=101, Recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Trial completion date: Jun 2026 --> Sep 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Jun 2026 --> Sep 2026

P1, N=75, Recruiting, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center | Active, not recruiting --> Recruiting | Trial completion date: Dec 2025 --> Jun 2027 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2025 --> Jun 2027

P1, N=17, Completed, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute | Active, not recruiting --> Completed

Inhibition of HER2/3 by pan-HER inhibitors blocks cell state plasticity and overcomes chemoresistance in primary MM cell lines and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. These findings provide insights into how the tissue of origin determines cancer aggressiveness, highlight the role of mucosal inflammation in driving melanoma stemness and chemoresistance, and advance the identification of effective treatment options currently lacking for patients with MM.

P4, N=90, Not yet recruiting, NYU Langone Health

P=N/A, N=68, Completed, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology

Interestingly, some of these patients may derive meaningful benefit from cytotoxic chemotherapy. We present the report of a case of a 63-year-old lady with BRAF wild type, locally advanced mucosal melanoma who demonstrated disease progression on combination immunotherapy with Ipilimumab and nivolumab. She subsequently achieved an exceptional and durable radiological and clinical response to chemotherapy with cisplatin and dacarbazine. This case highlights that, despite advances in personalized medicine and immunotherapy, conventional chemotherapy may still represent a valuable therapeutic option in selected patients, particularly in the refractory setting.

P1, N=210, Active, not recruiting, iOnctura | Trial completion date: Mar 2025 --> Mar 2027

P1, N=10, Active, not recruiting, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | N=30 --> 10 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2026 --> Dec 2027

Notably, a distinct "TME phenotype" (CD3low/CD20high/CD68high) is linked with unfavorable features - such as LVI and advanced pT4a/pT4b staging - as well as the need for more aggressive therapies. We also observed discordant TME and molecular results in consecutive samples from a subset of patients, suggesting heterogeneity that may potentially affect prognosis and therapeutic strategies.

SOX10 and PRAME are nuclear staining markers that can be used for diagnostic purposes and as adjunct markers for the diagnosis of VM and benign melanocytic lesions. PRAME immunostaining shows high specificity for melanoma and melanoma in situ.