P1, N=8, Terminated, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University | N=34 --> 8 | Not yet recruiting --> Terminated; Achieved the proof of concept

Pretreatment CD4+ T-cell levels were identified as a prognostic PFS marker. In summary, our results demonstrate significant effects of cycloaddition to Pd on response and T-cell composition.

P1/2, N=37, Recruiting, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

P1, N=12, Recruiting, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

When combined with standard agents such as daratumumab, pomalidomide, or cereblon E3 ligase modulatory drugs, forimtamig has shown improved tumor clearance and reduced relapse rates. Currently undergoing phase 1 trials, forimtamig is being evaluated both as monotherapy and in combination regimens. Its high potency, favorable safety, and durable immune engagement make it a promising candidate in the evolving treatment landscape of multiple myeloma.

P1/2, N=7, Terminated, Celularity Incorporated | N=86 --> 7 | Active, not recruiting --> Terminated; Lack of enrollment due to COVID treatment options availability.

P2, N=90, Recruiting, MiNK Therapeutics

P1, N=9, Recruiting, Zelluna Immunotherapy AS

P=N/A, N=30, Not yet recruiting, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University

P1, N=32, Terminated, Sanofi | Phase classification: P1/2 --> P1

CRBN-targeting immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), including lenalidomide and pomalidomide, are widely used in hematologic malignancies but are associated with an elevated risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Early-onset PE risk is mechanistically linked to vascular endothelial injury and inflammatory signaling, supporting the use of dynamic risk stratification tools (e.g., IMPEDE-VTE score) and early DOAC intervention. Public health policy should integrate molecular insights with real-world surveillance to optimize clinical safety frameworks for oncology patients.

Immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), including lenalidomide and pomalidomide in combination with proteasome inhibitors, dexamethasone and anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies, play a central role in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) across newly diagnosed and relapsed stages. In this review, we explore current literature on the molecular and immune mechanisms related to the onset of therapeutic resistance. We then suggest ways to overcome resistance and exemplify options for the future, focusing on immunotherapy combinations with IMiDs or CELMoDs and novel agents.