NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog)

NLR ≥3 and the presence of liver metastases were identified as independent prognostic factors. These preliminary findings may help refine prognostic stratification for advanced melanoma patients receiving immunotherapy.

NRAS p.Q61R/K comprises 99% of reported NRAS variants. TERTp is the most frequent co-mutation. Among NRAS p.Q61R/K nodules, there are 2 different clusters of samples based on the activity of hallmarks of cancer pathways. Further studies correlating these clusters with clinical and pathological outcomes are necessary.

P1, N=24, Recruiting, Ruijin Hospital

For early-stage POLE-mutated CRC with favorable prognosis, off-label adjuvant immunotherapy may bring unnecessary toxicity risks. It is necessary to conduct rigorous patient selection, comprehensive risk-benefit evaluation, and close monitoring of organ function during treatment, so as to provide reference for the standardized clinical application of ICIs in this population.

P1, N=3, Active, not recruiting, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | N=23 --> 3

Due to limited germline and epigenetic data, MSI-H tumors could not be classified as Lynch-associated or sporadic. Overall, MSI-H and MSS CRCs in the Chinese population demonstrate distinct molecular landscapes in terms of TMB, HRD, EBV status, and driver gene alterations, underscoring the molecular heterogeneity of MSI-H CRC and the need for future studies integrating germline and epigenetic data to refine subtype classification.

In this cohort, BRAF-mutant AML patients had poor overall survival with currently available treatments, including venetoclax-based regimens. Drug sensitivity data suggest possible avenues for targeted treatment of BRAF-mutated AML.

Increasing age at the time of first-line therapy for advanced disease stage was associated with a statistically significant increase in the hazard of death (p = 0.031). In the advanced disease stage, RAS/BRAF wild-type colorectal cancers were significantly associated with a survival advantage.

Depending on the Bethesda category, the positive predictive value for malignancy of the seven-gene panel ranged between 18.18% (Bethesda III) and 91.07% (Bethesda V), while the negative predictive value ranged between 93.92% (Bethesda III) and 24.14% (Bethesda V). In conclusion, molecular testing with the seven-gene panel can improve ROM estimation in cytopathologically indeterminate thyroid nodules, but its clinical utility depends on the detected gene alteration.

The LiBRA study supports liquid biopsy as a prognostic and monitoring tool in BRAF V600E-mutated NSCLC undergoing targeted therapy.

Mutant-specific KRAS G12C inhibitors have shown promising therapeutic efficacy, leading to FDA approval of sotorasib and adagrasib, although their use is limited to patients with the relatively rare G12C KRAS mutation...While just a few years ago, pan-RAS inhibitors were predicted to be severely toxic or even fatal, the apparent safety profile of RMC-6236 (daraxonrasib), a pan-RAS inhibitor currently in clinical trials, suggests otherwise. Indeed, pan-RAS inhibitors are now considered by many in the RAS field to be the most promising class in development. In this review, we summarize the evolution and current status of pan-RAS and pan-KRAS inhibitors in preclinical and clinical development and highlight emerging human-relevant tumor models that are advancing preclinical evaluation.

Pharmacologic MRGPRX4 inhibition suppresses basal signaling and limits melanoma growth and invasion. In sum, melanoma exploits MRGPRX4 to acquire an invasive and immunosuppressive phenotype, nominating this somatosensory GPCR as a promising therapeutic target.