Osteosarcoma

This study emphasizes the value of molecular techniques in improving the diagnosis and management of maxillofacial OS. However, further research is needed to fully understand the molecular complexity and optimize therapeutic strategies.

P1, N=20, Terminated, Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Nanjing Shunxin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | N=43 --> 20 | Trial completion date: Feb 2026 --> Jun 2025 | Recruiting --> Terminated | Trial primary completion date: Oct 2025 --> Jun 2025; This study was closed due to business reasons. Closure was not prompted by any safety or efficacy concerns.

This study confirms literature data about the use of denosumab in inoperable GCRTB. These results are preliminary; further studies are necessary on a larger series of cases, with a longer follow-up (3-5 years), with data collection even from other pediatric centers.

In addition, we further discussed the potential mechanisms by which neurotrophin and adrenergic pathways regulate the balance between microenvironmental immunosuppression and lasting anti-tumor immunity. The purpose of this article is to define NGF/BDNF as shapers of the osteosarcoma immune microenvironment and to delineate biomarker-guided therapeutic opportunities for clinical testing.

We highlight ongoing clinical trials, numerical efficacy metrics, and the translational promise of exosome-based diagnostics and therapeutics. Ultimately, integrated approaches targeting both the TIME and exosome-mediated mechanisms may yield more effective and durable treatments for osteosarcoma patients.

Despite encouraging preclinical evidence, efficacy will depend on clone selection, scheduling that preserves interferon signaling, and rational combinations with innate agonists and checkpoint blockade. This mini-review synthesizes epigenetic mechanisms of antigen-presentation failure in osteosarcoma and outlines how single-cell chromatin profiling can guide strategies to reinstate tumor antigen visibility.

Our new unique mouse model will allow further studies of the effects of Trp53 nonsense mutation in a multi-organ system and serve as a model for the Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS). It will also be valuable for preclinical evaluation of novel therapeutic strategies for targeting TP53 nonsense mutations in cancer.

This study first demonstrates juglone's anti-OS efficacy via the ROS/PI3K/AKT pathway. In vivo studies confirm potent tumor suppression with short-term safety, supporting its clinical promise for OS treatment.

Key molecular targets and pathways influenced by miR-184, including c-MYC, caspases, and apoptotic signalling, were highlighted. Overall, these findings demonstrate that the function of miR-184 in cancer is context-dependent, shaped by tissue type, molecular environment, and cellular signalling networks.

We discuss the contribution of all these molecules in major hallmarks of OSA-(1) proliferative and survival advantages, (2) metastasis and angiogenesis, and (3) immune evasion-and examine potential strategies for their combined targeting. By leveraging knowledge gained from other cancer models and integrating it with the distinct biological and clinical features of OSA, this perspective seeks to outline rational and innovative combinatorial strategies that may overcome current therapeutic limitations and ultimately improve patient outcomes.

Collectively, these findings demonstrate that distinct miRNA profiles can differentiate pediatric sarcoma types and subtypes and offer clinically relevant insights into tumor biology, prognosis, and potential diagnostic application.