P2, N=195, Active, not recruiting, Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd. | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting

In addition, 089 exhibited good tolerability in a nude mouse HCT-116 xenograft model, but it was less effective at a dose of 40 mg/kg compared with Apremilast at a dose of 30 mg/kg in 8-s day's assay. While 089 had lower in-vivo efficacy than apremilast, its novel 3-aminoisoquinoline scaffold and high tolerability make it a superior candidate for further optimization.

P2, N=92, Active, not recruiting, Ganzhou Hemay Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd | Trial completion date: Dec 2025 --> Dec 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2025 --> Dec 2026

Despite the immunogenetics incriminating the IL-23/IL-17 axis, clinical evidence confirming the role of IL-23/IL-17/inhibition in BS therapy is still limited including disappointing results with secukinumab in trials for Behçet's uveitis. However, emerging evidence from small-scale retrospective studies, prospective trials, and case reports indicates that IL-23/IL-17 axis inhibition may benefit mucocutaneous and articular manifestations, as well as neuro-Behçet's disease and the licensed PDE4 inhibitor apremilast regulates multiple aspects of IL-23/17 axis and neutrophil biology...Herein, we discuss IL-23/IL-17 axis inhibition in BS and why it should be used cautiously and be limited to mucocutaneous and/or articular manifestations at this juncture. Further randomized controlled trials are imperative to dissect the IL-23/IL-17 axis in BS including high-dose anti-IL-23 therapy antagonism given that neutrophils are an abundant source of IL-23 and consider novel strategies including IL-23R antagonism.

The brain-penetrant drug ibudilast, which prevents the binding of MIF to CD74, decreased brain metastasis in experimental models in vivo and in patient-derived organotypic cultures ex vivo in a primary tumor-agnostic manner. These findings suggest that MIF/CD74-induced reprogramming of myeloid cells in brain disorders is a vulnerability that could be exploited therapeutically against brain metastases, and possibly other brain disorders.

P3, N=800, Not yet recruiting, Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd.

P2/3, N=234, Active, not recruiting, MediciNova | Trial completion date: Dec 2026 --> Apr 2028 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2025 --> Apr 2027

P4, N=1032, Completed, Johns Hopkins University | Active, not recruiting --> Completed

P1, N=160, Recruiting, Guangdong Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd | N=82 --> 160 | Trial completion date: Jan 2026 --> Dec 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Jan 2026 --> Dec 2026

At 12, 18, and 24 months after the start of the maintenance phase, respectively, on-label persistence was 190%, 180%, and 179% more likely on guselkumab versus SC TNFi; 78%, 87%, and 91% more likely on guselkumab versus SC IL-17i; and 187%, 199%, and 193% more likely on guselkumab versus apremilast (all p < 0.001). Patients experiencing suboptimal outcomes with other psoriasis-indicated advanced therapies achieved higher on-label persistence after switching to guselkumab, raising the potential for improved disease control relative to other treatment options.

P1, N=6, Active, not recruiting, Palisade Bio

P2/3, N=460, Completed, University Health Network, Toronto | Suspended --> Completed