Pituitary Gland Carcinoma

MWR is safe and effective for the surgical management of FPA, particularly in CD and prolactinomas. Despite a steep learning curve, the high remission rates, and low complications support its use in well-selected patients by experienced multidisciplinary teams.

These results support the existence of PGC-like cells that within the normal pituitary gland. This study provides new insights into the cellular origins of iGCTs and suggests further investigation into the regulatory mechanisms that may lead to tumorigenesis.

This case highlights the importance of considering pituitary apoplexy in the differential diagnosis of acute neurological symptoms and its potential for atypical complications such as SIADH followed by CDI. Timely diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial to mitigate risks and improve outcomes.

Initial long-acting octreotide treatment was ineffective in controlling hyperthyroidism and was discontinued after 5 months. Despite SSTR2/5 positivity, suboptimal response to octreotide suggests tumor heterogeneity or downstream signaling defects. Preoperative Lugol's solution should be considered when SSAs and methimazole fail.

P=N/A, N=812, Enrolling by invitation, Zealand University Hospital | Not yet recruiting --> Enrolling by invitation | Trial completion date: Aug 2028 --> Aug 2029 | Trial primary completion date: Jan 2028 --> May 2028

P=N/A, N=140, Not yet recruiting, The first affiliated hostipal of nanchang university; The first affiliated hostipal of nanchang university

P=N/A, N=170, Not yet recruiting, Southern Medical University Southern Hospital; Southern Medical University Southern Hospital

P=N/A, N=72, Not yet recruiting, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China; The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology

The transcriptomic data on two patients with somatotroph GC-PitNET show involvement of mitochondrial and ribosomal genes, suggesting a distinct gene expression pattern, in comparison with pure somatotroph tumours. Furthermore, the expression pattern of selected stem cell markers, mainly SOX9, supports a common origin of the neuroendocrine and ganglionic tumour components, suggesting the involvement of stem cells in tumorigenesis.

These findings suggest that the oxidative phosphorylation pathway plays a pivotal role in the secretory functions of pituitary adenomas. This study offers new insights into the biological mechanisms underlying pituitary adenomas and provides valuable directions for future research, emphasizing the importance of oxidative phosphorylation in tumor behavior and potential therapeutic targets.

Subsequently, endometrioid adenocarcinoma was diagnosed, and in view of the family history, an underlying genetic disorder was suspected and later confirmed as LS with a pathogenic MSH6 variant, representing only the second reported case of MSH6-associated pituitary adenoma. Surgical management included hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, aortopelvic lymphadenectomy, and omental biopsy. This case underscores the importance of early diagnosis and lifelong monitoring in CD to reduce mortality from uncontrolled hypercortisolism, while highlighting a possible association between LS and ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas, particularly those with MSH6 mutations.