P=N/A, N=270, Completed, University of Utah | Active, not recruiting --> Completed | N=1030 --> 270

After removal of the IUD and methotrexate therapy for presumed ectopic pregnancy in an unknown location, β-HCG level remained elevated...Hormone therapy with oral estradiol 2 mg daily and cyclic oral micronized progesterone 200 mg on 12 days of each month was initiated...After pregnancy has been ruled out, less common causes of β-HCG elevations like gestational trophoblastic disease, germ cell tumors, POI associated menopause, and heterophile antibody interference, should be evaluated. FXPOI should be considered in young patients with β-HCG elevation.

P=N/A, N=427, Not yet recruiting, Assiut University

Progesterone can counteract estrogen-driven breast cancer progression in ER+/PR+ cells by inhibiting proliferation, reversing the EMT process, and inducing apoptosis. These findings provide mechanistic insight into the protective role of PR signaling in breast cancer.

Using murine mammary organoids, we mapped estrogen (E2) and progesterone (P4) responses at single-cell resolution...MCF7 cells show delayed activation kinetics and reach a lower response plateau. Together, these findings reveal that hormone response magnitude varies independently of receptor abundance in mammary organoids and follows distinct activation dynamics in human ERα + cancer cells.

P3, N=207, Recruiting, Bayer | Trial completion date: May 2027 --> Aug 2027 | Trial primary completion date: May 2027 --> Aug 2027

Approximately 70% of BRCA1-associated breast cancers are triple negative (TNBC; progesterone (PR), HER2, estrogen receptor (ER)-negative), which were reported to develop from ER/PR-negative luminal progenitor cells...In summary, these results reveal that alterations in estrogen metabolism caused by environmental or endogenous factors are genotoxic for ER-negative BRCA1mut/+ mammary cells. And our results also show that the dietary compound I3C can prevent estrogen-induced DNA damage, and suggest that I3C can be a potential cancer-preventive therapeutic agent for BRCA1 carriers.

Compared to those in the control group, the average daily egg production, eggshell thickness, oviduct weight, oviduct index, and the levels of luteinizing hormone, progesterone, and follicle-stimulating hormone were significantly higher in the Pal group...Furthermore, metabolomics analysis revealed that the levels of metabolites such as ritonavir, nicotinate riboside, and inosine were upregulated in the Pal group...These findings indicated that dietary Pal supplementation enhanced the production performance, antioxidant capacity, anti-inflammatory response, and reproductive function of laying hens. Therefore, these findings lay the foundation for the development of strategies and protocols for the inclusion of Pal in the diet of laying hens.

Adenomyotic lesions exhibit local estrogen excess, progesterone resistance, and a chronically inflamed microenvironment...However, advances in molecular classification, particularly those derived from The Cancer Genome Atlas, emphasize the importance of molecular subtype-based prognostic stratification and individualized therapeutic decision-making. Accordingly, this narrative review synthesizes current evidence on the disease concept, pathophysiology, molecular alterations, clinical characteristics, diagnostic challenges, treatment strategies, and future directions of endometrial carcinoma arising in adenomyosis.

In vivo experiments used a model combining progesterone injection with UV irradiation...It decreased melanin granules, melanin content, tyrosinase activity, and IL-6 and TNF-α levels in mouse skin tissue. This research indicates that Paeoniflorin can significantly suppress UVB-induced cellular inflammatory responses by inhibiting the TNF signaling pathway, thereby reducing hyperpigmentation.

Increases in MMP-2 and MMP-9 in response to estrogen and progesterone promote placentation, uteroplacental vascularization and fetal growth during healthy pregnancy, but are altered in preeclampsia (PE)...Understanding the aberrant uteroplacental and vascular signaling and remodeling by MMPs could help design new biomarkers and remedies for PE. Targeting bioactive factors and rectifying MMP imbalance could improve vascular and uteroplacental remodeling, and manage HTN-Preg, FGR and PE.

Selecting candidates for nonsurgical management of endometrial cancer remains challenging. The association of myometrial invasion to response illustrates the importance of pretreatment imaging. Given non-response in 3 of 4 MMRd and both p53 mutated tumors, molecular testing should be considered in all these patients.