PTEN mutation

Next-generation sequencing of the primary small intestinal tumor identified pathogenic mutations in PTEN, TP53, ataxia telangiectasia mutated, ephrin type-A receptor 5 and EGFR p.F997L, suggesting a DNA-repair-deficient genomic background and providing potential targets for future precision therapy. Further research is warranted to determine the molecular mechanisms underlying SMARCA4-DUC, for the development of targeted therapeutic strategies and to improve the understanding of the aggressiveness of SMARCA4-DUC.

WEE1 inhibitors have shown encouraging results in combination with chemotherapy, increasing the objective response rate in patients with platinum-resistant TP53-mutated ovarian cancer. ATR inhibitors are currently being evaluated in ARID1A-mutated tumours, with preliminary results confirming their therapeutic potential.

In the literature, Cowden syndrome has been associated with breast cancer, thyroid cancer, endometrial cancer and a very small percentage of melanomas. However, this is the first report of Cowden syndrome that has been diagnosed after an early-onset superficial spreading melanoma.

We detail the evidence supporting the integration of systemic agents like abiraterone, enzalutamide, and darolutamide into both hormone-sensitive and castration-resistant settings. Furthermore, we highlight the expanding role of radioligand therapies, including radium-223 and Lutetium-177-labeled PSMA-617 (Lu-PSMA-617), as well as the growing impact of PARP inhibitors in genomically selected patients. The emergence of theranostic strategies and next-generation sequencing has paved the way for personalized treatment algorithms, moving toward a truly precision oncology model in PCa. This comprehensive review synthesizes current therapeutic strategies, clinical trial evidence, and future directions aimed at optimizing outcomes and quality of life for patients with advanced prostate cancer.

TYRO3, a TAM family receptor tyrosine kinase, and SDHA, a mitochondrial enzyme involved in succinate metabolism, may contribute to tumor progression and represent emerging therapeutic vulnerabilities. These findings underscore the genomic diversity of SCLC and highlight the potential utility of broad next-generation sequencing in uncovering new molecular targets for precision therapy.

Endometrial carcinomas with SB-GN represent a distinct and aggressive tumor group characterized by solid growth pattern, prominent necrosis, frequent basaloid morphology, high rates of CTNNB1 mutations, and aberrant β-catenin staining. Our results demonstrate that endometrial carcinomas with SB-GN and PiMHECs share similar clinicopathologic and molecular profiles, supporting a unified biological spectrum.

Early recognition of BRRS features, along with prompt referral and intervention, can significantly improve outcomes. The lack of diagnostic guidelines and limited treatment options highlights the need for further research to establish standardized diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Moreover, MutAnt prediction scores of deleteriousness improved somatic variant calling from RNA sequencing data compared to standard approaches. MutAnt's high performance in distinguishing neutral and protein-disrupting mutations highlights its potential clinical utility in variant classification.

FOLFOX (folinic acid, fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin) is a standard first-line therapy for microsatellite stable (MSS) CRC lacking actionable driver mutations; however, its efficacy and genomic impact in EOCRC, particularly in underrepresented groups, remain poorly understood. By integrating clinical, molecular, and treatment variables, the AI-HOPE and AI-HOPE-PI3K platforms enabled rapid, reproducible, and fine-grained analysis of complex datasets. These findings underscore the need for ancestry-informed molecular profiling to optimize therapeutic strategies and highlight AI-guided interrogation as a powerful tool for advancing precision oncology in underrepresented and disproportionately affected CRC populations.

Therapeutic annotation using OncoKB identified 223 actionable or likely oncogenic variants, highlighting potential targets for precision oncology. This study provides a comprehensive characterization of the breast cancer mutational landscape in MENA patients and offers a valuable resource for advancing genomic and therapeutic research in this demographic.

Four clinical examples illustrated LB-guided therapies. This largest-to-date aSCC cohort reinforces molecular profiling-especially LB-as a key tool for guiding personalized therapy.

MTAP rearrangement defines a distinct and clinically adverse subset of pediatric ALL characterized by specific fusion architecture and an unfavorable co-mutation pattern. Beyond its diagnostic value, MTAP-r represents a promising biomarker for trial enrollment and future risk-adapted strategies. Confirmation of independent prognostic impact and therapeutic utility will require multivariable analyses and prospective, biomarker-driven studies.