Salivary Gland Cancer

Complete surgical excision with negative margins is the treatment of choice, and follow-up is crucial to detect recurrence. This case highlights the importance of early recognition and accurate diagnosis of HCCC to ensure curative surgical outcomes and prevent metastasis.

P2, N=88, Active, not recruiting, Fudan University | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2025 --> Dec 2026

P=N/A, N=114, Recruiting, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano

P2, N=39, Recruiting, Peking Union Medical College | Trial primary completion date: Jul 2026 --> Jul 2028

The heterogeneous immunophenotypic profiles observed in MEC reflect the biological complexity of the TME. Ki-67 was found to be a reliable indicator of tumour proliferative activity and an unfavourable prognosis. High Ki-67 expression, loss of CK19, and elevated TIL density were associated with increased recurrence risk. Although Pan-TRK expression was infrequent and not prognostically relevant, its occurrence in highly proliferative tumours suggests possible biologic interplay. Expanding immunophenotypic profiling to incorporate spatial analyses and single-cell-level characterization may deepen our understanding of MEC pathogenesis and support personalized therapeutic strategies.

Cytokeratin profiling, particularly the combined evaluation of CK7, CK8, and CK19, effectively distinguishes GOC from central MEC. CK8, in particular, could serve as a reliable marker to differentiate GOC from its histopathological mimickers.

Benign salivary gland tumors represent a valuable model for studying malignant transformation in head and neck oncology. Interpreting shared molecular and microenvironmental pathways may facilitate the identification of novel biomarkers and support the development of personalized diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for OSCC.

The GR extract exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with inhibition zones generally comparable to those of levofloxacin. However, the extract was significantly less effective against the P. aeruginosa strain. On A253 human salivary gland carcinoma cells, GR extract elicited a dose-dependent antiproliferative effect, produced morphological changes, and increased ROS and both caspase-3/7 and caspase-9 levels.

This case report illustrates, to the best of our knowledge, the first documented case of using TORS for MEC of the BOT involving both lingual and palatine tonsils with four years of disease-free survival, despite high histologic grade. Our case sheds light on the use of TORS for improved long-term outcome and preserved oropharyngeal functions for patients with oropharyngeal MEC.

Compared with 144 controls, HCCC exhibited a 2.16-fold higher likelihood of EWSR1 positivity, though not statistically significant (p = 0.10). These findings highlight EWSR1, particularly EWSR1-ATF1 fusion, as a sensitive molecular marker that improves diagnostic accuracy when integrated with histopathology and immunohistochemistry.

Surgical excision remains the definitive treatment. Long-term clinical surveillance is advised, considering the risk of later recurrence or malignant transformation.

The frequent RAS mutations and overlapping transcriptomic profiles raise important diagnostic considerations and highlight the need for integrated molecular analyses to differentiate these entities. The EMCs displayed a recurrent HRAS mutation, also observed in other head and neck tumors, and were partially clustered with the cases of BCA, suggesting potential biological similarities.