Soft Tissue Sarcoma

Subcutaneous ESOS is rare and diagnostically challenging. This case highlights the importance of imaging, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and multidisciplinary management, particularly in resource-limited settings.

No definitive conclusions can be drawn regarding the relationship between 18F-FMISO uptake and hypoxia biomarker expression. Larger, adequately powered prospective studies are essential to validate these findings, clarify potential correlations, and determine the clinical utility of 18F-FMISO PET/CT as a noninvasive hypoxia biomarker in STS.

P2, N=73, Recruiting, Northwestern University | N=29 --> 73 | Trial completion date: Jul 2029 --> Jul 2033

These findings support the investigation of rational combination approaches informed by sensitive detection methods and functional testing to address resistance in ultra-rare cancers. Implications: Integrative multi-omic profiling combined with functional testing in DSRCT reveals patient-specific vulnerabilities and biologically targetable receptor and DNA damage response dependencies, while defining immune states that may inform therapeutic response and rational combination strategies in this rare, fusion-driven cancer.

Here, we describe two patients with EWSR1::PATZ1 sarcoma, of which one patient was initially misdiagnosed as synovial sarcoma and RMS on two occasions. These patients underscore the diagnostic challenges and therapeutic uncertainties surrounding EWSR1::PATZ1 fusion sarcomas, emphasizing the need for further large collaborative studies to establish optimal prognostic implications and management strategies for this rare entity.

These findings highlight the clinical relevance of immune infiltration in retroperitoneal DDLPS and LMS. Moreover, they support the rationale for further exploration of the immune architecture for prognostic biomarkers and development of targeted immunotherapeutic strategies to improve the clinical outcomes of the patients.

P2/3, N=140, Completed, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Active, not recruiting --> Completed | Trial completion date: Dec 2026 --> Mar 2026

P2, N=40, Not yet recruiting, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences

P1, N=16, Recruiting, Sun Yat-sen University

This case highlights the diagnostic challenge of rare sarcomas presenting with serosal effusions and emphasizes the importance of integrating cytopathological, radiological, and molecular testing for accurate diagnosis and optimal management. Preventing misdiagnosis of this tumor as other histological subtypes is of great clinical significance, while IHC features and FISH can provide important clues for its accurate diagnosis.

This case highlights that synovial sarcoma can exhibit a myxoid phenotype and may lack epithelial marker expression, both of which can complicate the diagnosis. It also underscores the importance of integrating molecular analyses, particularly fusion-oriented genomic testing, for accurate diagnosis in challenging soft-tissue tumors.

In summary, our findings support the differential diagnosis between paediatric PDC and CC. Further, our findings suggest that besides distinct methylome profiles, paediatric PDC and CC are likely driven by distinct pathogenic pathways.