Thymic Carcinoma

P2, N=9, Active, not recruiting, National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | N=44 --> 9 | Trial primary completion date: Mar 2026 --> Jul 2026

We encountered a rare case of non-mucinous enteric-type thymic adenocarcinoma harboring a pathogenic TP53 mutation. Further studies are required to enunciate the features of this subtype of thymic carcinoma.

P2, N=20, Completed, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University

P2, N=33, Recruiting, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center

The identification of sex-associated and race-associated mutational patterns, together with the enrichment of MTOR alterations in recurrent and metastatic disease, highlights biologically plausible mechanisms of progression and potential therapeutic vulnerabilities. These findings support the value of comprehensive genomic profiling in TC and emphasize the need for prospective, multi-omic studies to validate these observations and guide the development of more personalized treatment strategies.

We herein present a case of 67-year-old man with advanced thymic carcinoma who was treated with carboplatin plus paclitaxel as first-line therapy. Furthermore, the presence of oncogenic mutations in lenvatinib-targeted genes may serve as predictive biomarkers for durable disease control. Given the limited availability of methods to detect oncogenic mutations, including FGFR3, in patients with thymic carcinoma, early implementation of CGP testing-even in the frontline setting-may be warranted in the future.

Moreover, the "original-shape-flatness" and "wavelet-LHL-first-order-Median" were the most strongly correlated with CD117 and TDT expression, and the combined model of the two demonstrated predictive efficacy for CD117/TDT expression and risk groups in training and validation cohorts. This study highlights that radiomics and biomarker-associated features can serve as a non-invasive predictive biomarker for TET patients.

P1, N=196, Completed, Gustave Roussy, Cancer Campus, Grand Paris | Recruiting --> Completed | Trial completion date: Nov 2028 --> Jan 2026

Thus, the tailored therapeutic approach that is described here for lung cancer may extend to patients with mesothelioma, rather than the previous "one therapy fits all" approach. Progress in the rare thymic epithelial tumors has been less marked; however, recent insights into the biology of thymic tumors have resulted in the development of clinically relevant interventions.

P=N/A, N=70, Not yet recruiting, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine

CYFRA 21-1 emerges as a reliable diagnostic biomarker for distinguishing TC from other thymic masses. Moreover, it holds promise for prognosis evaluation and potentially for recurrence surveillance.

Knowledge of the immune cell composition and the tumor immune microenvironment of TETs is essential to understand the risks of paraneoplastic autoimmunity and treatment-related toxicity in the era of immunotherapy. This review synthesizes recent advances in thymic biology and tumor immunology to frame the immune landscape of TETs.