Thymoma

Primary leiomyoma of the anterior mediastinum is extremely rare. Because primary mediastinal leiomyomas have nonspecific imaging features, distinguishing them from other anterior mediastinal tumors is challenging; thus, surgical resection is required for both diagnosis and treatment. Compared with the conventional look-up method, the confronting upside-down VATS technique utilizes higher intercostal access to provide a comprehensive thoracic view while minimizing diaphragmatic interference. The 180-degree rotated assistant monitor allows both surgeon and assistant to share a thoracotomy-like visual field, enhancing intraoperative coordination. In this case, it facilitated a stable operative field and phrenic nerve preservation despite the tumor's proximity without diaphragmatic interference. The confronting upside-down VATS technique may be particularly advantageous for anterior mediastinal tumors located along the phrenic nerve and in close proximity to the diaphragm.

Anti-titin antibodies positive TAMG is associated with more severe disease-especially bulbar involvement. NLR, PLR, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α are candidate biomarkers of severity.

The AR is expressed in a considerable fraction of thymic neuroendocrine neoplasms and is associated with male predominance. This observation has implications for investigation of androgen deprivation and receptor blockade.

Finally, we review rational therapeutic strategies such as vascular endothelial growth factor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors-ICI combinations, radiotherapy-ICI approaches, perioperative immunotherapy, and emphasize the need for biomarker-enriched trial design. TETs provide a powerful model to understand how failure of central tolerance can simultaneously sensitize tumors to immune attack and prime patients for catastrophic toxicity, with implications that extend to other low-TMB, immune-infiltrated malignancies.

Network and pathway analyses revealed convergent oncogenic hubs and distinct signaling dependencies across subgroups. This large-scale integrative study provides a re ned map of the genetic landscape of thymic epithelial tumors, highlights biologically meaningful heterogeneity, and establishes a framework to guide future research and the development of targeted therapies.

Locally advanced and metastatic thymic carcinoma remains challenging to manage, making this patient's response particularly noteworthy. Given that the therapeutic strategies for thymic tumors have remained largely unchanged in recent years, dose-dense chemotherapy may represent a promising addition to the current treatment paradigm, though further investigation is needed to evaluate its broader applicability.

Full-length transcriptomics reveal allele-specific decreasing effect of rs2736099-A on TERT expression. Our study unveils genetics of MG distinctly across disease subtypes, and involvement of TERT in its pathogenesis.

Tumor informed ctDNA strategies show particular promise for postoperative monitoring and longitudinal disease assessment, whereas broader clinical adoption remains investigational. Further prospective, multicenter studies are needed to establish standardized workflows and clarify the role of liquid biopsy across diagnostic, therapeutic, and surveillance contexts in TETs.

P2/3, N=116, Not yet recruiting, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine

CD5, CD117 and Glut1 are diffusely expressed in MNC, but not in MNT. The genetic alterations in MNC are more diverse than those of MNT, but MNC lacks the characteristic GTF2I mutation of MNT.

TETs seem to exhibit subtype-dependent expression patterns of core Hippo pathway components, characterized by enhanced YAP1-TEAD4 transcriptional output in selected subtypes and marked reduction of the MST1/LATS1 kinase module, most pronounced in TC. These exploratory patterns nominate candidate markers for subtype stratification and clinical validation.

Leveraging this biomimetic platform, we conducted high-throughput drug screening and identified lurbinectedin as a potent therapeutic candidate for TETs...Integrating RNAseq data with TCGA survival analysis further identified PBX3, REPS2, and CXCR4 as potential efficacy-predictive biomarkers. This study establishes a translational framework linking 3D bioprinted TET models with biomarker discovery, offering a standardized platform for precision drug screening and mechanistic exploration in thymic epithelial tumors.