Thymus Cancer

Primary leiomyoma of the anterior mediastinum is extremely rare. Because primary mediastinal leiomyomas have nonspecific imaging features, distinguishing them from other anterior mediastinal tumors is challenging; thus, surgical resection is required for both diagnosis and treatment. Compared with the conventional look-up method, the confronting upside-down VATS technique utilizes higher intercostal access to provide a comprehensive thoracic view while minimizing diaphragmatic interference. The 180-degree rotated assistant monitor allows both surgeon and assistant to share a thoracotomy-like visual field, enhancing intraoperative coordination. In this case, it facilitated a stable operative field and phrenic nerve preservation despite the tumor's proximity without diaphragmatic interference. The confronting upside-down VATS technique may be particularly advantageous for anterior mediastinal tumors located along the phrenic nerve and in close proximity to the diaphragm.

P=N/A, N=50, Active, not recruiting, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting

Anti-titin antibodies positive TAMG is associated with more severe disease-especially bulbar involvement. NLR, PLR, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α are candidate biomarkers of severity.

We report two cases of advanced thymic carcinoma treated with the programmed death-ligand 1 inhibitor envafolimab with chemotherapy (liposomal paclitaxel and cisplatin)...Both patients achieved PFS (6 and 9 months, respectively) that exceeded the median PFS reported in previous clinical studies using chemotherapy alone (5 months). This combination warrants further investigation in clinical trials.

This case represents a rare morphologic variant of AC distinguished by a prominent mucinous stroma, a feature that may obscure the diagnosis by simulating other mucin-producing lung tumors. Recognizing this uncommon pattern is crucial, as it directly impacts diagnostic accuracy and subsequent clinical decision-making.

P2, N=9, Active, not recruiting, Dwight Owen | N=30 --> 9 | Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting

Analysis across patients with melanoma, breast cancer or renal cancer demonstrated pan-cancer relevance. Together, these findings identify thymic health as a previously unrecognized, tumour-agnostic determinant of immunotherapy efficacy, with potential implications for patient stratification, treatment timing and the development of immune-rejuvenating strategies in precision immuno-oncology.

Based on morphological features, thymic cysts mainly comprise two types, SC-type and CC-type, which differ in their sizes, locularity, immunophenotypes, and CT features.

P2, N=31, Not yet recruiting, Shanghai Chest Hospital

In this cross-sectional study of patients diagnosed with lung SCC, a meaningful number of patients experienced misdiagnosis, which was identified using a multipronged AI-assisted approach. Diagnosis changes prompted by AI and orthogonal evidence may assist clinicians in prognostication and therapy selection.

The AR is expressed in a considerable fraction of thymic neuroendocrine neoplasms and is associated with male predominance. This observation has implications for investigation of androgen deprivation and receptor blockade.

Finally, we review rational therapeutic strategies such as vascular endothelial growth factor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors-ICI combinations, radiotherapy-ICI approaches, perioperative immunotherapy, and emphasize the need for biomarker-enriched trial design. TETs provide a powerful model to understand how failure of central tolerance can simultaneously sensitize tumors to immune attack and prime patients for catastrophic toxicity, with implications that extend to other low-TMB, immune-infiltrated malignancies.