Triple Negative Breast Cancer

P1/2, N=260, Completed, Amgen | Active, not recruiting --> Completed

P1, N=7, Completed, Godavari Biorefineries Limited | Not yet recruiting --> Completed | N=27 --> 7 | Trial completion date: Jan 2023 --> Jan 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2022 --> Jan 2026

P2, N=107, Active, not recruiting, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center | Trial completion date: Jan 2026 --> Jan 2027 | Trial primary completion date: Jan 2026 --> Jan 2027

Furthermore, Meflin deficiency reduced the area of tumor vessels in a TNBC mouse model, highlighting its role in CAF-mediated inhibition of TNBC progression and improvement of drug delivery. Accordingly, Meflin plays a role as a potential functional marker of rCAFs in TNBC.

Breast cancer survival disparities in Metropolitan Detroit are driven predominantly by socioeconomic deprivation as measured by ADI. Although Black women presented at younger ages and with more aggressive subtypes, neighborhood level disadvantage accounted for the largest impact on survival. These findings highlight the need for interventions targeting socioeconomic and environmental determinants of health to reduce racial disparities in breast cancer outcomes.

P=N/A, N=0, Withdrawn, City of Hope Medical Center | N=126 --> 0 | Initiation date: Dec 2025 --> Jul 2026 | Not yet recruiting --> Withdrawn

P2, N=23, Active, not recruiting, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute | Trial completion date: Dec 2025 --> Apr 2026

The herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir (HSV-TK/GCV) suicide gene therapy system has shown promise in cancer treatment, but its clinical applicability is limited by off-target cytotoxicity...In two orthotopic breast cancer models, BRAS significantly suppressed tumor growth without affecting body weight or general health, underscoring its therapeutic potential. This approach intelligently combines molecular signals from both cancerous and healthy cells to precisely regulate therapeutic gene expression, making it a promising platform for the next-generation cancer therapy.

Major challenges include heterogeneity and temporal variability of TAA expression, cytokine release syndrome (CRS) mitigation strategies, pharmacodynamic optimization, and delivery methods to maximize tumor bioavailability while limiting systemic toxicity. This review details the molecular mechanisms, preclinical evidence, clinical trial outcomes, and translational challenges for BsAbs in breast cancer, highlighting their transformative potential in expanding immunotherapeutic efficacy beyond current limitations.

Despite some significantly different clinicopathological features, there is no solid evidence to support HER2-ultralow, HER2-low and HER2-null cancers as individual TNBC clinical-molecular entities. Particularly, assigning TNBC samples to the HER2-null, -ultralow and -low categories did not bring any additional prognostic value.

Gallen classification may serve as a valuable prognostic tool in the metastatic spine setting. Incorporation of molecular subtype information may improve estimation of postoperative survival and support informed patient counselling, expectation management, and individualized surgical decision-making in patients with breast cancer spinal metastases.

In addition, PD-1 blockade does not rescue the hematopoietic damage caused by TNBC, highlighting a limitation in long-term response. Furthermore, PD-1 blockade in tumor-free mice leads to an increase in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, suggesting that PD-1 blockade may yield better benefits post-tumor resection.