Selenium treatment significantly mitigated these adverse effects in a dose-dependent manner by restoring endocrine balance, enhancing antioxidant defense, suppressing inflammatory and apoptotic pathways, and improving spermatogenesis. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that selenium exerts a protective role against PTX-induced reproductive toxicity by modulating key chemical-biological interaction pathways involved in testicular injury.

Scanning electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, Western Blot, and other molecular functional assays show that the ERRα/LDHA axis drives lactate accumulation, downregulates inflammasome-related proteins (NLRP3, caspase-1, GSDMD and GSDMD-N), thereby suppressing pyroptosis and promoting resistance to cisplatin, carboplatin, and paclitaxel in ovarian cancer cells. Created in BioRender. Ren, Y. (2025) https://BioRender.com/qeh0dw8.

P4, N=50, Recruiting, University of Wisconsin, Madison | Trial completion date: Jun 2026 --> Jun 2027 | Trial primary completion date: Jun 2026 --> Jun 2027

Furthermore, fenofibrate exhibits synergistic effects with conventional chemotherapeutic agents (e.g., paclitaxel and docetaxel) by enhancing T-cell viability, activating immune responses, and thereby improving chemotherapy sensitivity. This review comprehensively summarizes the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of fenofibrate against diverse cancer types and discusses the potential applications and challenges associated with its repurposing for cancer therapy. A deeper understanding of fenofibrate's anti-cancer capabilities and molecular targets may provide novel insights for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies.

Systemic chemotherapy with vinblastine and prednisone led to marked improvement in nail, skin, pulmonary, and osseous lesions. These cases illustrate that nail changes may be the earliest manifestation of LCH and should prompt thorough systemic evaluation. Early recognition of nail involvement can facilitate timely diagnosis and risk-adapted treatment, potentially improving outcomes in affected patients.

P1, N=21, Suspended, City of Hope Medical Center | Recruiting --> Suspended

Additionally, higher OPRGS was associated with lower cancer stemness indices, resistance to paclitaxel but sensitivity to carboplatin, revealing complex biological behaviors of the tumor. This study constructed a new OPRGS for OC. It may serve as a potential indicator for predicting prognosis, immune infiltration, and chemotherapy drug sensitivity in OC patients.

The patient received four cycles of tislelizumab combined with albumin-bound paclitaxel and carboplatin, followed by four cycles of tislelizumab monotherapy maintenance. The distinct marker expression profile in subcutaneous metastatic lesions (high CD56, PD-1, and pan-CK expression with low CD8, CD68, and CD20 expression) reflects the unique TME of SMARCA4-UT, which may be related to its metastatic potential and immunotherapeutic response. Chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy shows promising efficacy in the treatment of SMARCA4-UT, and the mIF-based marker profile may provide a potential basis for optimizing individualized treatment strategies.

A critical role for CDKN1A in PTX-induced PGCCs formation and subsequent neosis in NSCLC was identified. CDKN1A inhibition reduces PGCCs formation, suppresses neosis and enhances tumor sensitivity in vivo, thereby supporting its potential as a therapeutic target to overcome PTX resistance.

We present engineered exosomes as next-generation Trojan horses for TNBC: NIR-activatable photothermal agents (polydopamine, BPQDs, or ICG) are integrated into the membrane and chemotherapeutics or nucleic acids (doxorubicin, paclitaxel, siKRAS, siPD-L1, miR-145) encapsulated in the lumen. Future directions include AI/CRISPR-optimized design, NIR-II platforms, checkpoint inhibitor synergy, with early-stage clinical translation of photothermal and immunomodulatory exosome-based therapeutics currently underway, highlighting their potential to advance precision oncology. "However, challenges including scalability, batch variability, and regulatory standardization remain significant barriers to clinical translation."

We found that interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, and macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (MIP-1α) were highly secreted by more than 43% of the macrophages, with an increase of MIP-1α secretion under treatment with the chemotherapeutic drugs paclitaxel or docetaxel. We also demonstrate further multiplexing with three and four cosecreted proteins, together with assessing the cell viability as an additional parameter important for drug testing. In summary, we have shown that our nested nanowell arrays are an easy-to-use analytical tool for basic research, and we believe that it can be employed for diagnostics and personalized medicine, e.g., for investigation of cancer and immune cells from a biopsy or circulating tumor cells obtained from a liquid biopsy.

P2, N=69, Recruiting, Sun Yat-sen University | Trial completion date: Nov 2024 --> Nov 2027 | Trial primary completion date: May 2024 --> May 2027