Group A showed no significant difference in the total efficacy rate and 5-year overall survival after treatment (p > 0.05) and had lower medical expenses, length of hospital stay, IL-6 and TNF-α expression, and total incidence of adverse reactions and higher KPS scores than group B (p < 0.05). Although no significant difference was observed between vindesine and leurocristine in treating pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia, patients administered vindesine had fewer adverse reactions, shorter length of hospital stay, lower medical expenses, and higher quality of life than those administered leurocristine, indicating a potential association with decreased serum IL-6 and TNF-α expression.

To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first evaluation of vinorelbine plus firmonertinib in EGFR-mutated locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC with M1c2 disease or elevated PD-L1 expression, aiming to provide an effective, tolerable, and convenient all-oral treatment option for this refractory population. The study protocol (version 1.2; July 18, 2025) was registered on October 24, 2025, at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2500111096).

This study emphasizes the significant association of ABCB1 genotype (TT at rs1045642) with vincristine-associated neuropathy and highlights the relevance of higher average doses of vincristine in causing neurotoxicity.

P2, N=102, Recruiting, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences | Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting

Despite palliative chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide and vincristine), the patient experienced rapid tumor recurrence and progressive clinical deterioration, culminating in death three weeks post-intervention. In resource-limited settings, where advanced molecular diagnostics are scarce, maintaining a high index of clinical suspicion and ensuring multidisciplinary management are paramount. Early histopathological confirmation is critical to addressing the rapid progression and therapeutic resistance characteristic of this malignancy.

Six prognostic genes, particularly RAB25 and PLAU, influence ESCC progression and immune microenvironment remodeling.

Interestingly, aCD7P-VCR treatment substantially reduced leukemia progression and invasion in the orthotopic CCRF-CEM T-ALL model without toxic effects, leading to significantly longer survival than clinically used VCR and nontargeted P-VCR. aCD7P-VCR is expected to provide an effective and targeted therapeutic approach for T-ALL.

She was managed according to the Chinese Children Cancer Group (CCCG)-WT-2019 protocol, receiving neoadjuvant VAD (vincristine, actinomycin D, and doxorubicin) chemotherapy, followed by staged bilateral nephron-sparing surgery. This highlights the limitations of current histology- and stage-based approaches for specific molecular subtypes. Current evidence supports more aggressive surgical intervention for high-risk cases, but it is essential to balance the need for renal function preservation with the goal of achieving oncological control.

The boy had surgery to remove the affected tonsil and lymph nodes, followed by chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone. Given the tumor's high growth rate and risk of spreading early, treatment needed a team approach that involved complete local removal and immediate systemic therapy. Long-term follow-up is important, and more case reports and studies are necessary to determine the best treatment options and improve results in pediatric histiocytic sarcoma.

Albendazole was administered in two doses separated by two weeks with clinical resolution; the patient remains under outpatient surveillance. This case highlights that ectopic enterobiasis can mimic cervical lymphadenopathy and metastatic disease, particularly in immunocompromised patients, and that histopathology is critical for diagnosis and management.

Among the pharmacogenetic factors influencing toxicity of commonly used B-ALL treatments, variants in the TPMT and NUDT15 genes, both involved in the metabolism of 6-mercaptopurine, represent the most robust and clinically validated predictors. Emerging evidence also links additional genetic variants to toxicities associated with other key agents used in ALL treatment regimens, including variants in SLCO1B1 associated with methotrexate-related gastrointestinal toxicity and variants in CEP72 associated with vincristine-induced neuropathy. The integration of pharmacogenomic biomarkers into clinical protocols, enabling genotype-guided dose adjustment, may represent a valuable strategy to avoid toxicity and improve overall cancer outcomes. However, further studies and innovative approaches are required to validate emerging biomarkers and facilitate their translation into routine clinical practice.

P3, N=395, Completed, Children's Oncology Group | Trial completion date: Nov 2026 --> Mar 2026 | Active, not recruiting --> Completed