Urothelial Cancer

UPK2 marks a distinct subset of CRCs with poor prognosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, micropapillary growth, and squamous differentiation. These findings may affect the development of targeted therapies in precision medicine.

Multiple nectin-4-targeted radiotracers-comprising antibody- and peptide-based agents-have demonstrated high specificity and strong affinity for nectin-4-overexpressing tumors, particularly in urothelial carcinoma and triple-negative breast cancer. Exploratory preclinical and clinical data consistently showed comparable diagnostic accuracy to standard molecular imaging methods (e.g., [18F]FDG-based PET), enhanced detection of metastatic lesions, and effective monitoring of therapeutic response and eventual treatment resistance to nectin-4-targeted antibody-drug conjugates.

P1, N=260, Not yet recruiting, IDEAYA Biosciences

These findings highlight the interplay between IL-6, GDF-15, sarcopenia and tumour progression, suggesting that IL-6 and GDF-15 may serve as valuable prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. Further research is warranted to explore targeted therapeutic strategies aimed at mitigating sarcopenia and systemic inflammation in this patient population.

SLC44A4 gene could be a biomarker to predict the prognosis of CRC patients. In addition, this new prognostic model that we proposed can improve the predictive ability to evaluate the prognosis and clinical outcomes of CRC patients.

The integrated approach of IHC with genotyping could improve risk stratification and guide personalized management strategies. Moreover, as cytology is less sensitive to diagnose UC, especially low-grade tumours, Xpert BCM can be used as a promising diagnostic test for both primary and recurrent BC settings.

Distinct patterns of co-occurrence, including TP53 with RB1, and mutual exclusivity, including TP53 with FGFR3 or KDM6A, revealed distinct molecular subtypes. This study highlights the extensive heterogeneity of bladder cancer, and our findings emphasize the clinical importance of molecular stratification and support the need for further mechanistic and prospective studies to inform the development of targeted therapies.

Use of clinical ERG FISH assays may help confirm prostatic origin in the setting of localized or metastatic carcinoma showing poor differentiation or transdifferentiation and thus help determine the correct diagnosis and direct appropriate clinical management for such patients.

Colorectal adenocarcinoma cells in the urine may not only be large and tall columnar or vacuolated, but can also simulate HGUC cells or have small round or crescentic nuclei. Recognising this morphological diversity is important for accurate diagnosis.

P=N/A, N=84, Recruiting, RenJi Hospital | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2024 --> Nov 2025

P=N/A, N=80, Recruiting, LMU Klinikum | Trial completion date: Oct 2026 --> Feb 2027 | Trial primary completion date: Jul 2026 --> Dec 2026

P2, N=70, Recruiting, Mayo Clinic | N=50 --> 70