AFP elevation

Current evidence suggests that AFP identifies biologically aggressive subsets of GEP-NENs, reflecting disease burden in specific contexts. While AFP should not be considered an independent biomarker, it holds potential as a contextual signal of aggressive tumor biology and as an adjunctive tool within integrated clinical and pathological frameworks.

Hepatic metastasis of ONB can closely mimic primary liver cancer on imaging, underscoring the necessity of integrating comprehensive clinical history, imaging assessment, and pathological confirmation to avoid misdiagnosis.

Multivariate analysis identified four independent predictors: elevated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP ≥ 467 ng/mL) (OR = 8.5, 95% CI: 4.2-17.30; p < 0.001), presence of non-enhancing necrotic areas (OR = 5.92, 95% CI: 1.82-19.30, p = 0.003), intratumoral arteries (OR = 6.61, 95% CI: 2.28-19.22, p < 0.001), and peritumoral feeding arteries (OR = 3.13, 95% CI: 1.15-8.50, p = 0.025). An integrated prediction model that combines ultrasound imaging and clinical parameters offers a feasible, non-invasive approach for accurate preoperative identification of MTM-HCC.

This review outlined the multidimensional diagnostic hurdles in HAS and underscored the necessity of an integrated, multidisciplinary approach. Enhanced tissue sampling, combined immunohistochemical panels, and emerging molecular tools may collectively improve diagnostic accuracy and clinical outcomes for this aggressive gastric malignancy.

This study indicates that TA and SR offer similar therapeutic outcomes in early-stage HCC, with comparable survival outcomes for patients.

This case report details the presentation of a 30-year-old female patient with gastric adenocarcinoma that metastasized to the ovaries, characterized by a significant elevation in serum AFP levels. This case highlights the critical need to consider uncommon metastatic patterns and unusual tumor marker elevations during the comprehensive evaluation and management of gastric cancer patients.

Postoperatively, AFP normalized, and the patient has remained recurrence-free. This case highlights the potential role of desperation surgery in achieving long-term survival in selected patients with PMNSGCT, despite increased levels of tumor markers.

HMGA1 serves as a robust prognostic biomarker and functional driver of malignant progression in LIHC. Its integration into prognostic models may enhance risk stratification and guide personalized therapeutic strategies. Nevertheless, further in-vivo validation and prospective clinical studies are required to establish its translational applicability.

Next gene sequencing detected TP53 c.919+3del splice site variant and KRAS N116H. It is important to consider HMs when extramediastinal lesions or thrombocytopenia appear in patients with MGCT.

Patients with FALD face a non-negligible risk of developing HCC, thus supporting the need for surveillance. Elevated AFP levels at the time of FALD diagnosis may aid in risk stratification, which enables the targeted monitoring and early detection of HCC. Furthermore, routine surveillance contributes to the excellent prognosis of patients with FALD who develop HCC, thus making their prognosis comparable to that of patients without HCC.

Childhood malignant ovarian tumors are predominantly germ cell tumors, manifesting as large, solid-predominant, calcified lesions with high-risk ultrasound features. Ultrasonic, clinical, and laboratory features vary significantly by pathological type. Integrating these characteristics (including O-RADS and tumor markers) enables preoperative pathological diagnosis, supporting early multi-dimensional and personalized management.

Aggressive surgery does not improve survival when tumor markers normalize. Diagnostic delays remain common, emphasizing the need for improved awareness and referral systems in China.