AFP elevation

Despite the complex organogenesis and limb-like morphology, the absence of a vertebral column or ossified long bones supported a diagnosis of mature cystic teratoma with fetiform features (FT) over FIF. This report highlights the diagnostic ambiguity within the "gray zone" of these lesions and emphasizes the role of axial skeletal organization and serum AFP levels as complementary tools for classification and oncologic surveillance.

This phase II study (ChiCTR2300077718) aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of balloon-occluded HAIC (bHAIC) based on the FOLFOX (oxaliplatin plus fluorouracil and leucovorin) regimen (bHAIC-FO) in unresectable HCC. bHAIC-FO demonstrates encouraging efficacy and acceptable safety profiles in unresectable HCC treatment, particularly in treatment-naive patients. www.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR2300077718.

This case offers insight on the importance of monitoring for systemic complications of Fontan patients, and it underscores the need for multidisciplinary collaboration and for a standardized screening protocol.

cHCC-CCA poses a significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Recognizing this mixed phenotype in complex liver masses is crucial. Histopathological confirmation and complete surgical resection remain key to optimal outcomes. Detailed case reports are essential to improve diagnostic criteria, elucidate molecular biology, and guide evidence-based management for this rare malignancy.

Two major enhancement patterns were observed. Surgical resection was the only independent prognostic factor identified; however, novel therapeutic strategies require validation in larger cohorts.

PIVKA-II carries substantial independent prognostic information for postoperative HCC recurrence prediction, with effect magnitude exceeding all other examined predictors. The addition of broader hematological/biochemical panels yields small and statistically non-significant incremental gains over a clinically practical model using PIVKA-II alongside clinical variables. These findings, derived from a single-centre HBV-predominant cohort with internal validation only, are exploratory and hypothesis-generating; external validation in independent cohorts with diverse aetiologies is required before clinical implementation.

This study confirms the favorable oncological prognosis of primary retroperitoneal GCTs in children. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy should be approached with caution, as its impact on tumor volume may be limited. Furthermore, it carries a potential risk of growing teratoma syndrome, which can ultimately lead to even more challenging surgical procedures.

Advanced age, elevated AFP, multilocality, and larger tumor size increase mortality risk, while smoking and alcohol consumption further elevate recurrence risk. Early identification of high-risk patients, individualized intervention, and close postoperative follow-up focusing on modifiable risk factors are recommended to improve patient outcomes.

The infant received nine cycles of neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy, which resulted in significant tumor reduction and facilitated complete surgical resection...Notably, even in the absence of classic risk factors or syndromic associations in neonates, an abdominal mass warrants thorough investigation. At 18 months of follow-up, the patient demonstrates normal growth and development with no evidence of tumor recurrence and AFP levels within normal range, indicating sustained remission.

This dissociation between PFS and OS may reflect differences in disease biology, treatment sequencing, and post-progression management rather than intrinsic superiority of either regimen. These findings highlight the importance of individualized treatment selection and careful consideration of tumor characteristics and hepatic reserve when choosing first-line immunotherapy for uHCC.

GTS is often mistaken for disease progression. High index of suspicion is required when an abdominal germ cell tumor progresses on therapy with declining tumor markers.

In this real-world retrospective series, the integration of ICIs into TACE-based treatment was associated with meaningful gains in tumor response and survival among patients with intermediate-to-advanced HCC, without generating unacceptable safety signals. Stratification by functional status, hepatic functional reserve, AFP burden, vascular invasion, metastatic spread, and inflammatory markers may enhance individualized prognostic assessment in this population.